Nb–Ni system
145 accepted literature values from 7 paper(s) (experimental 62, model 51, DFT 17, unspecified 15); 7 calculated phase diagram(s). 2 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.
Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (7) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown
| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---|
| experimental | 62 |
| model | 51 |
| DFT | 17 |
| unspecified | 15 |
| Property group | Values |
|---|---|
| invariant reaction | 76 |
| phase transition | 12 |
| phase equilibrium | 5 |
| formation | 45 |
| crystal structure | 7 |
Calculated phase diagrams
Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.
| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| NbNi-04Jou.tdb | J.-M. Joubert, B. Sundman, N. Dupin, Calphad, 28, 299-306(2004). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.09.004 | deeaff43899210093dbdb222585882d53cc8e4d5a9da9dcc6699bc629d5125c1 | viewer · TDB · JSON |
| NbNi-05Mat.tdb | S. Matsumoto, T. Tokunaga, H. Ohtani, M. Hasebe, Mater. Trans. (JIM), 46, 2920-30(2005). doi:10.2320/matertrans.46.2920 | 9c972291ac3457c6e68f0f95cceab7c204f4c462fcc9227bfd3cb1afdd35a9a8 | viewer · TDB · JSON |
| NbNi-06Che-orig.tdb | H. Chen, Y. Du, Calphad, 30, 308-15(2006). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2006.02.005 | 7543cfd042008b381893ed9e4d93145eb36a78c68e3c8d0db25ed4cfe8dd7e51 | viewer · TDB · JSON |
| NbNi-06Che.tdb | H. Chen, Y. Du, Calphad, 30, 308-15(2006). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2006.02.005 | 94258649a65e03a5d250abd41c27423733960c75685d97192409edf98371d157 | viewer · TDB · JSON |
| NbNi-20Zho.tdb | C. Zhou, C. Guo, J. Li, C. Li, Z. Du, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 51A, 5892-5911(2020). doi:10.1007/s11661-020-05963-2 | 9d3a8db6e46d6d6b0973deb92845b13cce94527a04c890b3d81abaf74a4b2fda | viewer · TDB · JSON |
| NbNi-23Sun.tdb | H. Sun, S.-L. Shang, R. Gong, B.J. Bocklund, A.M. Beese, Z.-K. Liu, Calphad, 82, 102563(2023). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102563 | 7d38d05f4260a8f6197b686d45b1779939f2f9d10c5c35ac6de18f2a5740cd6e | viewer · TDB · JSON |
| NbNi-96Bol-LB.tdb | A. Bolcavage, U.R. Kattner, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 92-100(1996). doi:10.1007/BF02665782 | e375de0639110fbd2b34fbf49c1fd2853bf5d14113358d7a03c7876bb4cb2add | viewer · TDB · JSON |
| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---|---|
| NbNi-04Jou.tdb | 1564.48 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.76766) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.85146) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.88421) |
| NbNi-04Jou.tdb | 1562.83 | BCC_A2 (x(Ni) 0.0458) + MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.40288) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.46887) |
| NbNi-04Jou.tdb | 1454.45 | MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.52768) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.58848) + NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.74055) |
| NbNi-04Jou.tdb | 806.09 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.75599) + NBNI8 (x(Ni) 0.88889) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.93534) |
| NbNi-04Jou.tdb | 806.09 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.75599) + NBNI8 (x(Ni) 0.88889) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.93536) |
| NbNi-05Mat.tdb | 1555.01 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.77269) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.85186) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.87575) |
| NbNi-05Mat.tdb | 1548.15 | BCC_A2 (x(Ni) 0.0685) + MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.43437) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.49817) |
| NbNi-05Mat.tdb | 1428.15 | MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.48086) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.58274) + NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.71939) |
| NbNi-05Mat.tdb | 463.65 | BCC_A2 (x(Ni) 0.00295) + MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.47433) + NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.74874) |
| NbNi-06Che-orig.tdb | 1564.13 | BCC_A2 (x(Ni) 0.04793) + MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.41335) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.46621) |
| NbNi-06Che-orig.tdb | 1557.11 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.7605) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.85106) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.88166) |
| NbNi-06Che-orig.tdb | 1458.42 | MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.48422) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.58079) + NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.73349) |
| NbNi-06Che-orig.tdb | 787.94 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.75789) + NBNI8 (x(Ni) 0.88889) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.94756) |
| NbNi-06Che-orig.tdb | 787.94 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.75789) + NBNI8 (x(Ni) 0.88889) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.94758) |
| NbNi-06Che.tdb | 1572.37 | BCC_A2 (x(Ni) 0.04749) + MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.42197) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.46492) |
| NbNi-06Che.tdb | 1557.11 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.7605) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.85106) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.88166) |
| NbNi-06Che.tdb | 1459.5 | MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.48205) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.58131) + NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.73365) |
| NbNi-06Che.tdb | 787.94 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.75789) + NBNI8 (x(Ni) 0.88889) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.94756) |
| NbNi-06Che.tdb | 787.94 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.75789) + NBNI8 (x(Ni) 0.88889) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.94758) |
| NbNi-20Zho.tdb | 1591.29 | BCC_A2 (x(Ni) 0.05329) + MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.4481) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.46108) |
| NbNi-20Zho.tdb | 1557.49 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.75702) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.8398) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.85795) |
| NbNi-20Zho.tdb | 1453.98 | MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.51176) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.60276) + NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.72891) |
| NbNi-20Zho.tdb | 791.08 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.75541) + NBNI8 (x(Ni) 0.88889) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.93995) |
| NbNi-20Zho.tdb | 791.08 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.7554) + NBNI8 (x(Ni) 0.88889) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.93997) |
| NbNi-23Sun.tdb | 1561.39 | BCC_A2 (x(Ni) 0.04476) + MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.41265) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.49151) |
| NbNi-23Sun.tdb | 1550.33 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.76232) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.83755) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.86301) |
| NbNi-23Sun.tdb | 1458.51 | MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.51626) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.60078) + NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.72793) |
| NbNi-23Sun.tdb | 799.7 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.75915) + NBNI8 (x(Ni) 0.88889) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.91608) |
| NbNi-23Sun.tdb | 799.7 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.75915) + NBNI8 (x(Ni) 0.88889) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.91609) |
| NbNi-96Bol-LB.tdb | 1568 | BCC_A2 (x(Ni) 0.04223) + MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.44691) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.49106) |
| NbNi-96Bol-LB.tdb | 1555.01 | NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.77269) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.85186) + FCC_A1 (x(Ni) 0.87575) |
| NbNi-96Bol-LB.tdb | 1448 | MU_D85 (x(Ni) 0.4943) + LIQUID (x(Ni) 0.59118) + NBNI3_D0A (x(Ni) 0.7251) |
Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull NbNi-04Jou · CALPHAD hull NbNi-05Mat · CALPHAD hull NbNi-20Zho · CALPHAD hull NbNi-96Bol-LB
Invariant reactions (literature)
| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1677.15 | congruent melting: Liq. -> Ni3Nb | Liq.: Nb 0.25, Ni 0.75; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.25, Ni 0.75 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table VII, p. 14, row 9 report | |
| 1676.15 | congruent melting: Liq. -> Ni3Nb | Liq.: Nb 0.25; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.25 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites Pogodin 1941 | Table VII, p. 14, row 7 report | |
| 1675.15 | congruent melting: Liq. -> Ni3Nb | Liq.: Nb 0.25; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.25 | model | [1] Zhou 2020 | Table VII, p. 14, row 6 report | |
| 1675.15 | congruent melting: Liq. -> Ni3Nb | Liq.: Nb 0.25; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.25 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table VII, p. 14, row 8 report | |
| 1675 | congruent melting: L <-> Ni3Nb | L: Nb 0.249; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.249 | model | [2] Bolcavage 1996 | Table 3, p. 6, row 1 report | |
| 1675 | congruent melting: L <-> Ni3Nb | L: Nb 0.25; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.25 | experimental | [2] Bolcavage 1996 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 3, p. 6, row 2 report | |
| 1672 | congruent melting: L <-> Ni3Nb | L: Nb 0.252; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.252 | model | [2] Bolcavage 1996 cites ref. 92Kej1 | Table 3, p. 6, row 3 report | |
| 1580.15 | Liq. + bcc(Nb) -> NiNb | Liq.: Nb 0.537; bcc(Nb): Nb 0.946; NiNb: Nb 0.556 | model | [1] Zhou 2020 | Table VII, p. 14, row 14 report | |
| 1577.15 | peritectic: L + bcc -> µ | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 19 report | ||
| 1577 | peritectic: Liquid + BCC ↔ μ-Nb7Ni6 | μ-Nb7Ni6: Ni 0.461538 | experimental | [4] Sun 2023 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 18 report | |
| 1575.15 | Liq. + bcc(Nb) -> NiNb | NiNb: Nb 0.5, Ni 0.5 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table VII, p. 14, row 16 report | |
| 1568.15 | peritectic: L + bcc -> µ | L: Ni 0.5; bcc: Ni 0.46; µ: Ni 0.045 | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Ardell 1994 | Table 4, p. 7, row 17 report | |
| 1568.15 | Liq. + bcc(Nb) -> NiNb | Liq.: Nb 0.5; bcc(Nb): Nb 0.955; NiNb: Nb 0.54 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table VII, p. 14, row 15 report | |
| 1568 | peritectic: L <-> μ + bcc(Nb) | L: Nb 0.509; μ: Nb 0.553; bcc(Nb): Nb 0.958 | model | [2] Bolcavage 1996 | Table 3, p. 6, row 10 report | |
| 1568 | peritectic: Liquid + BCC ↔ μ-Nb7Ni6 | Liquid: Ni 0.5; BCC: Ni 0.045; μ-Nb7Ni6: Ni 0.46 | experimental | [4] Sun 2023 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 17 report | |
| 1568 | peritectic: Liq -> µ + bcc | experimental | [5] Joubert 2004 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 3, p. 5, row 10 report | ||
| 1568 | peritectic: L <-> μ + bcc(Nb) | L: Nb 0.5; μ: Nb 0.54; bcc(Nb): Nb 0.955 | experimental | [2] Bolcavage 1996 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 3, p. 6, row 11 report | |
| 1564.15 | eutectic: L -> fcc + NbNi3 | NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | model | [3] Chen 2006 cites Joubert 2004 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 4 report | |
| 1564 | peritectic: L <-> μ + bcc(Nb) | L: Nb 0.534; μ: Nb 0.545; bcc(Nb): Nb 0.956 | model | [2] Bolcavage 1996 cites ref. 92Kej1 | Table 3, p. 6, row 12 report | |
| 1564 | eutectic: Liq -> fcc + NbNi3 | NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | model | [5] Joubert 2004 | Table 3, p. 5, row 5 report | |
| 1563.15 | peritectic: L + bcc -> µ | L: Ni 0.47; bcc: Ni 0.412; µ: Ni 0.047 | model | [3] Chen 2006 | Table 4, p. 7, row 21 report | |
| 1563.15 | peritectic: L + bcc -> µ | model | [3] Chen 2006 cites Joubert 2004 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 20 report | ||
| 1563.15 | peritectic: L + bcc -> µ | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 18 report | ||
| 1563 | peritectic: Liquid + BCC ↔ μ-Nb7Ni6 | Liquid: Ni 0.47; BCC: Ni 0.047; μ-Nb7Ni6: Ni 0.412 | model | [4] Sun 2023 cites Chen 2006 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 16 report | |
| 1563 | peritectic: Liq -> µ + bcc | model | [5] Joubert 2004 | Table 3, p. 5, row 9 report | ||
| 1561 | peritectic: Liquid + BCC ↔ μ-Nb7Ni6 | Liquid: Ni 0.492; BCC: Ni 0.041; μ-Nb7Ni6: Ni 0.413 | model | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 7, p. 34, row 15 report | |
| 1560 | eutectic: L <-> fcc(Ni) + Ni3Nb | L: Nb 0.155; fcc(Ni): Nb 0.123; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.238 | model | [2] Bolcavage 1996 cites ref. 92Kej1 | Table 3, p. 6, row 6 report | |
| 1558.15 | eutectic: Liq. -> fcc(Ni) + Ni3Nb | Ni3Nb: Nb 0.25, Ni 0.75 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table VII, p. 14, row 5 report | |
| 1558.15 | eutectic: L -> fcc + NbNi3 | NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Dinsdale 1991 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 2 report | |
| 1558.15 | eutectic: Liq. -> fcc(Ni) + Ni3Nb | Liq.: Nb 0.16; fcc(Ni): Nb 0.142; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.243 | model | [1] Zhou 2020 | Table VII, p. 14, row 1 report | |
| 1558.15 | eutectic: L -> fcc + NbNi3 | NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 3 report | |
| 1558 | eutectic: Liquid ↔ FCC + δ-NbNi3 | δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [4] Sun 2023 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 4 report | |
| 1557.15 | eutectic: L -> fcc + NbNi3 | L: Ni 0.851; fcc: Ni 0.873; NbNi3: Ni 0.759 | model | [3] Chen 2006 | Table 4, p. 7, row 5 report | |
| 1557 | eutectic: Liquid ↔ FCC + δ-NbNi3 | Liquid: Ni 0.851; FCC: Ni 0.873; δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.759 | model | [4] Sun 2023 cites Chen 2006 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 2 report | |
| 1555.15 | eutectic: Liq. -> fcc(Ni) + Ni3Nb | Liq.: Nb 0.16; fcc(Ni): Nb 0.127; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.226 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table VII, p. 14, row 4 report | |
| 1555.15 | eutectic: L -> fcc + NbNi3 | L: Ni 0.84; fcc: Ni 0.873; NbNi3: Ni 0.774 | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Ardell 1994 | Table 4, p. 7, row 1 report | |
| 1555 | eutectic: L <-> fcc(Ni) + Ni3Nb | L: Nb 0.16; fcc(Ni): Nb 0.127; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.226 | experimental | [2] Bolcavage 1996 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 3, p. 6, row 5 report | |
| 1555 | eutectic: Liquid ↔ FCC + δ-NbNi3 | Liquid: Ni 0.84; FCC: Ni 0.873; δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.774 | experimental | [4] Sun 2023 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 3 report | |
| 1555 | eutectic: L <-> fcc(Ni) + Ni3Nb | L: Nb 0.148; fcc(Ni): Nb 0.124; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.227 | model | [2] Bolcavage 1996 | Table 3, p. 6, row 4 report | |
| 1555 | eutectic: Liq -> fcc + NbNi3 | NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [5] Joubert 2004 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 3, p. 5, row 6 report | |
| 1550 | eutectic: Liquid ↔ FCC + δ-NbNi3 | Liquid: Ni 0.838; FCC: Ni 0.863; δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.762 | model | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 7, p. 34, row 1 report | |
| 1543.15 | eutectic: Liq. -> fcc(Ni) + Ni3Nb | Liq.: Nb 0.162; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.25, Ni 0.75 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites Pogodin 1941 | Table VII, p. 14, row 3 report | |
| 1538.15 | eutectic: Liq. -> fcc(Ni) + Ni3Nb | Ni3Nb: Nb 0.25, Ni 0.75 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites Grube 1939 | Table VII, p. 14, row 2 report | |
| 1459 | eutectic: Liquid ↔ δ-NbNi3 + μ-Nb7Ni6 | Liquid: Ni 0.601; δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.728; μ-Nb7Ni6: Ni 0.516 | model | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 7, p. 34, row 10 report | |
| 1457.15 | eutectic: L -> NbNi3 + µ | L: Ni 0.585; NbNi3: Ni 0.735; µ: Ni 0.5 | model | [3] Chen 2006 | Table 4, p. 7, row 16 report | |
| 1457 | eutectic: Liquid ↔ δ-NbNi3 + μ-Nb7Ni6 | Liquid: Ni 0.585; δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.735; μ-Nb7Ni6: Ni 0.5 | model | [4] Sun 2023 cites Chen 2006 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 11 report | |
| 1454.15 | eutectic: L -> NbNi3 + µ | NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | model | [3] Chen 2006 cites Joubert 2004 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 15 report | |
| 1454 | eutectic: Liq -> NbNi3 + µ | NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | model | [5] Joubert 2004 | Table 3, p. 5, row 7 report | |
| 1453.15 | eutectic: Liq. -> Ni3Nb + NiNb | Liq.: Nb 0.398; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.271; NiNb: Nb 0.487 | model | [1] Zhou 2020 | Table VII, p. 14, row 10 report | |
| 1453.15 | eutectic: L -> NbNi3 + µ | NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 14 report | |
| 1453.15 | eutectic: Liq. -> Ni3Nb + NiNb | Ni3Nb: Nb 0.25, Ni 0.75; NiNb: Nb 0.5, Ni 0.5 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table VII, p. 14, row 13 report | |
| 1453 | eutectic: Liquid ↔ δ-NbNi3 + μ-Nb7Ni6 | δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.75; μ-Nb7Ni6: Ni 0.461538 | experimental | [4] Sun 2023 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 14 report | |
| 1451 | eutectic: L <-> Ni3Nb + μ | L: Nb 0.405; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.279; μ: Nb 0.496 | model | [2] Bolcavage 1996 cites ref. 92Kej1 | Table 3, p. 6, row 9 report | |
| 1448.15 | eutectic: L -> NbNi3 + µ | NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 12 report | |
| 1448.15 | eutectic: L -> NbNi3 + µ | L: Ni 0.595; NbNi3: Ni 0.725; µ: Ni 0.5 | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Ardell 1994 | Table 4, p. 7, row 11 report | |
| 1448.15 | eutectic: Liq. -> Ni3Nb + NiNb | Liq.: Nb 0.405; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.275; NiNb: Nb 0.5 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table VII, p. 14, row 12 report | |
| 1448.15 | eutectic: L -> NbNi3 + µ | NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Pogodin 1941 | Table 4, p. 7, row 13 report | |
| 1448.15 | eutectic: Liq. -> Ni3Nb + NiNb | Liq.: Nb 0.402; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.25, Ni 0.75; NiNb: Nb 0.5, Ni 0.5 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites Pogodin 1941 | Table VII, p. 14, row 11 report | |
| 1448 | eutectic: Liq -> NbNi3 + µ | NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [5] Joubert 2004 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 3, p. 5, row 8 report | |
| 1448 | eutectic: L <-> Ni3Nb + μ | L: Nb 0.409; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.275; μ: Nb 0.506 | model | [2] Bolcavage 1996 | Table 3, p. 6, row 7 report | |
| 1448 | eutectic: L <-> Ni3Nb + μ | L: Nb 0.405; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.275; μ: Nb 0.5 | experimental | [2] Bolcavage 1996 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 3, p. 6, row 8 report | |
| 1448 | eutectic: Liquid ↔ δ-NbNi3 + μ-Nb7Ni6 | δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.75; μ-Nb7Ni6: Ni 0.461538 | experimental | [4] Sun 2023 cites Pogodin 1941 | Table 7, p. 34, row 13 report | |
| 1448 | eutectic: Liquid ↔ δ-NbNi3 + μ-Nb7Ni6 | Liquid: Ni 0.595; δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.725; μ-Nb7Ni6: Ni 0.5 | experimental | [4] Sun 2023 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 12 report | |
| 810 | peritectoid: NbNi8 -> fcc + NbNi3 | NbNi8: Ni 0.888889; NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | model | [5] Joubert 2004 | Table 3, p. 5, row 3 report | |
| 808.15 | fcc(Ni) + Ni3Nb -> Ni8Nb | Ni3Nb: Nb 0.25, Ni 0.75; Ni8Nb: Nb 0.111111, Ni 0.888889 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites C 1971 | Table VII, p. 14, row 18 report | |
| 808.15 | peritectoid: Fcc + NbNi3 -> NbNi8 | NbNi3: Ni 0.75; NbNi8: Ni 0.888889 | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Wekken 1971 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 22 report | |
| 808 | peritectoid: NbNi8 -> fcc + NbNi3 | NbNi8: Ni 0.888889; NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [5] Joubert 2004 cites C 1971 | Table 3, p. 5, row 4 report | |
| 808 | peritectic: FCC + δ-NbNi3 ↔ NbNi8 | δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.75; NbNi8: Ni 0.888889 | experimental | [4] Sun 2023 cites C 1971 | Table 7, p. 34, row 21 report | |
| 806.15 | peritectoid: Fcc + NbNi3 -> NbNi8 | NbNi3: Ni 0.75; NbNi8: Ni 0.888889 | model | [3] Chen 2006 cites Joubert 2004 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 24 report | |
| 800 | peritectic: FCC + δ-NbNi3 ↔ NbNi8 | FCC: Ni 0.9161; δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.759; NbNi8: Ni 0.889 | model | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 7, p. 34, row 19 report | |
| 788.15 | fcc(Ni) + Ni3Nb -> Ni8Nb | fcc(Ni): Nb 0.06; Ni3Nb: Nb 0.245; Ni8Nb: Nb 0.111 | model | [1] Zhou 2020 | Table VII, p. 14, row 17 report | |
| 788.15 | peritectoid: Fcc + NbNi3 -> NbNi8 | NbNi3: Ni 0.75; NbNi8: Ni 0.888889 | model | [3] Chen 2006 | Table 4, p. 7, row 25 report | |
| 788.15 | fcc(Ni) + Ni3Nb -> Ni8Nb | Ni3Nb: Nb 0.25, Ni 0.75; Ni8Nb: Nb 0.111111, Ni 0.888889 | experimental | [1] Zhou 2020 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table VII, p. 14, row 19 report | |
| 788.15 | peritectoid: Fcc + NbNi3 -> NbNi8 | NbNi3: Ni 0.75; NbNi8: Ni 0.888889 | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 23 report | |
| 788 | peritectic: FCC + δ-NbNi3 ↔ NbNi8 | δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.75; NbNi8: Ni 0.888889 | experimental | [4] Sun 2023 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 22 report | |
| 788 | peritectic: FCC + δ-NbNi3 ↔ NbNi8 | FCC: Ni 0.948; δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.758; NbNi8: Ni 0.889 | model | [4] Sun 2023 cites Chen 2006 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 20 report |
Formation enthalpies
Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.
| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D0_22 | -62.279 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 18 report | ||||
| D0_22 | -62 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 18 report | ||||
| D0_22 | -55.726 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 18 report | ||||
| D0_22 | 5.84 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 21 report | ||||
| D0_22 | 8.025 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 21 report | ||||
| D0_22 | 102 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 21 report | ||||
| D0_a | -141.202 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 9 report | ||||
| D0_a | -127.831 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 9 report | ||||
| D0_a | -121.261 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 9 report | ||||
| D0_a | 5.627 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 12 report | ||||
| D0_a | 7.811 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 12 report | ||||
| D0_a | 181.202 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 12 report | ||||
| D8_5 | -312.098 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 3 report | ||||
| D8_5 | -295.532 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 3 report | ||||
| D8_5 | -280.241 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0 | unspecified | [6] Mathon 2009 | Table 2, p. 10, row 3 report | ||||
| Nb7Ni6 | Nb7Ni6 | -23 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -19.894 (mp-aaackvmr) | -19.955 (oqmd-30782) | [7] Santhy 2015 cites Hultgren 1973 | Table 6, p. 4, row 3 report | |
| Nb7Ni6 | Nb7Ni6 | -23 kJ/mol-atom ± 3 | 600.15 | experimental | -19.894 (mp-aaackvmr) | -19.955 (oqmd-30782) | [7] Santhy 2015 cites Kubaschewski 2015 | Table 6, p. 4, row 2 report | |
| Nb7Ni6 | -22.5 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT | [7] Santhy 2015 | Table 6, p. 4, row 5 report | ||||
| Nb7Ni6 | Nb7Ni6 | -22.47 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.2 | 298.15 | experimental | -19.894 (mp-aaackvmr) | -19.955 (oqmd-30782) | [7] Santhy 2015 cites Argent 1959 | Table 6, p. 4, row 1 report | |
| Nb7Ni6 | Nb7Ni6 | -20.76 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -19.894 (mp-aaackvmr) | -19.955 (oqmd-30782) | [7] Santhy 2015 cites Niessen 1988 doi | Table 6, p. 4, row 4 report | |
| NbNi3 | -33.41 kJ/mol-atom | DFT | [7] Santhy 2015 cites Ravindran 1996 doi | Table 6, p. 4, row 10 report | |||||
| NbNi3 | -33.409 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | DFT | [5] Joubert 2004 cites Ravindran 1996 doi | Table 4, p. 5, row 5 report | ||||
| NbNi3 | NbNi3 | -32 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -28.233 (mp-aaaaacdv) | -28.755 (oqmd-30781) | [7] Santhy 2015 cites Niessen 1988 doi | Table 6, p. 4, row 9 report | |
| NbNi3 | NbNi3 | -32 kJ/mol-atom ± 2 | 600.15 | experimental | -28.233 (mp-aaaaacdv) | -28.755 (oqmd-30781) | [7] Santhy 2015 cites Kubaschewski 2015 | Table 6, p. 4, row 7 report | |
| NbNi3 | NbNi3 | -32 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -28.233 (mp-aaaaacdv) | -28.755 (oqmd-30781) | [7] Santhy 2015 cites Hultgren 1973 | Table 6, p. 4, row 8 report | |
| NbNi3 | -31.714 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 2.552 | 298.15 | experimental | [5] Joubert 2004 cites Argent 1959 | Table 4, p. 5, row 4 report | ||||
| NbNi3 | NbNi3 | -31.71 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.5 | 298.15 | experimental | -28.233 (mp-aaaaacdv) | -28.755 (oqmd-30781) | [7] Santhy 2015 cites Argent 1959 | Table 6, p. 4, row 6 report | |
| NbNi3 | -31.2 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT | [7] Santhy 2015 | Table 6, p. 4, row 11 report | ||||
| NbNi3 | -30.645 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model | [5] Joubert 2004 | Table 4, p. 5, row 3 report | ||||
| NbNi8 | -14.49 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model | [5] Joubert 2004 cites F 1988 | Table 4, p. 5, row 2 report | ||||
| NbNi8 | -14.488 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model | [5] Joubert 2004 | Table 4, p. 5, row 1 report | ||||
| Ni3Nb | NbNi3 | -33.925 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -28.233 (mp-aaaaacdv) | -28.755 (oqmd-30781) | [2] Bolcavage 1996 | Table 4, p. 8, row 1 report | |
| Ni3Nb | NbNi3 | -31.715 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.218 | 298.15 | experimental | -28.233 (mp-aaaaacdv) | -28.755 (oqmd-30781) | [2] Bolcavage 1996 cites Argent 1959 | Table 4, p. 8, row 2 report | |
| δ-NbNi3 | NbNi3 | -31.71 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -28.233 (mp-aaaaacdv) | -28.755 (oqmd-30781) | [4] Sun 2023 cites Argent 1959 | Table 6, p. 33, row 2 report | |
| δ-NbNi3 | -28.51 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | DFT | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 6, p. 33, row 1 report | ||||
| δ-NbNi3 | -28.38 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 6, p. 33, row 1 report | ||||
| μ | -22.468 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 2.218 | 298.15 | experimental | [5] Joubert 2004 cites Argent 1959 | Table 4, p. 5, row 7 report | ||||
| μ | -20.761 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model | [5] Joubert 2004 | Table 4, p. 5, row 6 report | ||||
| μ-Nb7Ni6 + µ-Nb7Ni6 | Nb7Ni6 | -22.45 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -19.894 (mp-aaackvmr) | -19.955 (oqmd-30782) | [4] Sun 2023 cites Argent 1959 | Table 6, p. 33, row 5 report | |
| μ-Nb7Ni6 + µ-Nb7Ni6 | -20.63 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 6, p. 33, row 3 report | ||||
| μ-Nb7Ni6 + µ-Nb7Ni6 | -20.5 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 6, p. 33, row 4 report | ||||
| μ-Nb7Ni6 + µ-Nb7Ni6 | -20.43 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | DFT | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 6, p. 33, row 4 report | ||||
| μ-Nb7Ni6 + µ-Nb7Ni6 | -20.38 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | DFT | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 6, p. 33, row 3 report | ||||
| μNi7Nb6 | Nb6Ni7 | -22.468 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.552 | 298.15 | experimental | -20.338 (mp-aaackwrs) | -20.518 (oqmd-1791808) | [2] Bolcavage 1996 cites Argent 1959 | Table 4, p. 8, row 4 report | |
| μNi7Nb6 | Nb6Ni7 | -21.596 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -20.338 (mp-aaackwrs) | -20.518 (oqmd-1791808) | [2] Bolcavage 1996 | Table 4, p. 8, row 3 report |
Other properties
Phase transition (12)
| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 1671 K | 1671 | congruent melting: Liq -> NbNi3 L: Ni 0.75; NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | model | [5] Joubert 2004 | Table 3, p. 5, row 1 report | |
| Phase transition | 1671.15 K | 1671.15 | congruent melting: L -> NbNi3 L: Ni 0.75; NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | model | [3] Chen 2006 cites Joubert 2004 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 9 report | |
| Phase transition | 1672 K | 1672 | congruent melting: Liquid ↔ δ-NbNi3 Liquid: Ni 0.75; δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | model | [4] Sun 2023 cites Chen 2006 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 6 report | |
| Phase transition | 1672.15 K | 1672.15 | congruent melting: L -> NbNi3 L: Ni 0.75; NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | model | [3] Chen 2006 | Table 4, p. 7, row 10 report | |
| Phase transition | 1675 K | 1675 | congruent melting: Liq -> NbNi3 L: Ni 0.75; NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [5] Joubert 2004 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 3, p. 5, row 2 report | |
| Phase transition | 1675 K | 1675 | congruent melting: Liquid ↔ δ-NbNi3 Liquid: Ni 0.75; δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | model | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 7, p. 34, row 5 report | |
| Phase transition | 1675 K | 1675 | congruent melting: Liquid ↔ δ-NbNi3 Liquid: Ni 0.75; δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [4] Sun 2023 cites Duerden 1966 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 7 report | |
| Phase transition | 1675.15 K | 1675.15 | congruent melting: L -> NbNi3 L: Ni 0.75; NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Ardell 1994 | Table 4, p. 7, row 6 report | |
| Phase transition | 1676 K | 1676 | congruent melting: Liquid ↔ δ-NbNi3 Liquid: Ni 0.75; δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [4] Sun 2023 cites Pogodin 1941 | Table 7, p. 34, row 8 report | |
| Phase transition | 1676.15 K | 1676.15 | congruent melting: L -> NbNi3 L: Ni 0.75; NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Pogodin 1941 | Table 4, p. 7, row 7 report | |
| Phase transition | 1677 K | 1677 | congruent melting: Liquid ↔ δ-NbNi3 Liquid: Ni 0.75; δ-NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [4] Sun 2023 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table 7, p. 34, row 9 report | |
| Phase transition | 1677.15 K | 1677.15 | congruent melting: L -> NbNi3 L: Ni 0.75; NbNi3: Ni 0.75 | experimental | [3] Chen 2006 cites Chen 2005 doi | Table 4, p. 7, row 8 report |
Phase equilibrium (5)
| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase composition | 1273 | µ-Nb7Ni6 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c1 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c2 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c3 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 18h + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 3a µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c1: Nb 0.538462, Ni 0.461538; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c2: Nb 1, Ni 0; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c3: Nb 1, Ni 0; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 18h: Nb 0.16, Ni 0.84; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 3a: Nb 0.81, Ni 0.19 | model | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 8, p. 35, row 5 report | ||
| Phase composition | 1273 | µ-Nb7Ni6 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c1 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c2 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c3 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 18h + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 3a µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c1: Nb 0.67, Ni 0.33; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c2: Nb 0.85, Ni 0.15; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c3: Nb 0.95, Ni 0.05; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 18h: Nb 0.13, Ni 0.87; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 3a: Nb 0.74, Ni 0.26 | model | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 8, p. 35, row 1 report | ||
| Phase composition | 1273 | µ-Nb7Ni6 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c1 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c2 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c3 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 18h + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 3a µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c1: Nb 0.78, Ni 0.22; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c2: Nb 0.94, Ni 0.06; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c3: Nb 1, Ni 0; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 18h: Nb 0.1, Ni 0.9; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 3a: Nb 0.84, Ni 0.16 | model | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 8, p. 35, row 3 report | ||
| Phase composition | 1273 | µ-Nb7Ni6 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c1 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c2 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c3 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 18h + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 3a µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c1: Nb 0.89, Ni 0.11; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c2: Nb 1, Ni 0; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c3: Nb 0.89, Ni 0.11; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 18h: Nb 0.07, Ni 0.93; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 3a: Nb 0.77, Ni 0.23 | model | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 8, p. 35, row 2 report | ||
| Phase composition | 1273 | µ-Nb7Ni6 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c1 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c2 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c3 + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 18h + µ-Nb7Ni6 site 3a µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c1: Nb 0.85, Ni 0.15; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c2: Nb 0.99, Ni 0.01; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 6c3: Nb 1, Ni 0; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 18h: Nb 0.12, Ni 0.88; µ-Nb7Ni6 site 3a: Nb 0.81, Ni 0.19 | model | [4] Sun 2023 | Table 8, p. 35, row 4 report |
Crystal structure (7)
| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molar volume printed: V0 | 13.91 Å3/atom | 0 | (Co,Ni)Nb alloy: Nb 0.461538, Ni 0.538462 | DFT | [1] Zhou 2020 | Table V, p. 12, row 17 report | |
| Molar volume printed: V0 | 13.6 Å3/atom | 0 | (Co,Ni)Nb alloy: Nb 0.384615, Ni 0.615385 | DFT | [1] Zhou 2020 | Table V, p. 12, row 16 report | |
| Molar volume printed: V0 | 14.51 Å3/atom | 0 | (Co,Ni)Nb alloy: Nb 0.538462, Ni 0.461538 | DFT | [1] Zhou 2020 | Table V, p. 12, row 18 report | |
| Molar volume printed: V0 | 12.92 Å3/atom | 0 | (Co,Ni)Nb alloy: Nb 0.307692, Ni 0.692308 | DFT | [1] Zhou 2020 | Table V, p. 12, row 15 report | |
| Molar volume printed: V0 | 12.39 Å3/atom | 0 | Ni3Nb alloy: Nb 0.25, Ni 0.75 | DFT | [1] Zhou 2020 | Table V, p. 12, row 10 report | |
| Molar volume printed: V0 | 12.4 Å3/atom | 0 | Ni3Nb alloy: Nb 0.25, Ni 0.75 | DFT | [1] Zhou 2020 | Table V, p. 12, row 9 report | |
| Molar volume printed: V0 | 11.53 Å3/atom | 0 | Ni8Nb alloy: Nb 0.111111, Ni 0.888889 | DFT | [1] Zhou 2020 | Table V, p. 12, row 8 report |
Sources
Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).
- Chenyang Zhou, Cuiping Guo, Jingbo Li, Changrong Li, Zhenmin Du, Key Experiments and Thermodynamic Description of the Co-Nb-Ni System, Metall Mater Trans A 51, 5892-5911 (2020). doi:10.1007/s11661-020-05963-2
- A. Bolcavage, U. R. Kattner, A reassessment of the calculated Ni-Nb phase diagram, JPE 17, 92-100 (1996). doi:10.1007/bf02665782
- Hailin Chen, Yong Du, Refinement of the thermodynamic modeling of the Nb–Ni system, Calphad 30, 308-315 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2006.02.005
- Hui Sun, Shun-Li Shang, Rushi Gong, Brandon J. Bocklund, Allison M. Beese, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of the Nb-Ni system with uncertainty quantification using PyCalphad and ESPEI, Calphad 82, 102563 (2023). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102563
- J.-M. Joubert, B. Sundman, N. Dupin, Assessment of the niobium–nickel system, Calphad 28, 299-306 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.09.004
- Muriel Mathon, Damien Connétable, Bo Sundman, Jacques Lacaze, Calphad-type assessment of the Fe–Nb–Ni ternary system, Calphad 33, 136-161 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.10.005
- K. Santhy, K.C. Hari Kumar, Thermodynamic reassessment of Nb-Ni-Ti system with order–disorder model, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 619, 733-747 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.08.200