Pd–Sn system

208 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 111, model 66, unspecified 31); 3 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (18) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	111
model	66
unspecified	31

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	104
phase transition	4
formation	26
mixing / partial	18
crystal structure	56

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB file	Assessment	SHA-256	Links
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, Adv. Eng. Mater., 8, 164-76(2006). doi:10.1002/adem.200500248	`ebc7c67039dcc32907bd838598731d49cee2e63b92989f1f14dd6c508da768e9`	viewer · TDB · JSON
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	S. Cui, J. Wang, Z. You, R.E. Napolitano, Intermetallics, 126, 106945(2020). doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945	`4734a419f40958e9bfa0619c346c928978bc0efb13b09588874a7765aaa06e47`	viewer · TDB · JSON
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	G. Ghosh, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 30A, 5-18(1999).	`0d9212a8d6e575dc2e6f043f6415bb12b792c7a7dd991457ee15c2952c5269c6`	viewer · TDB · JSON

Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB file	T (K)	Phases at the invariant
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	1549.88	FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.20746) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.21448) + PD3SN_L12 (x(Sn) 0.24856)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	1495.66	PD3SN_L12 (x(Sn) 0.25168) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.30584) + PD2SN_B82 (x(Sn) 0.34711)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	1173.09	PD2SN_B82 (x(Sn) 0.37649) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.4052) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.49449)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	1093.05	PD3SN_L12 (x(Sn) 0.25015) + PD2SN_C37 (x(Sn) 0.333) + PD2SN_B82 (x(Sn) 0.34276)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	1082.71	PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.41876) + PDSN_B31 (x(Sn) 0.50267) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.52823)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	873.21	PDSN_B31 (x(Sn) 0.50828) + PDSN2 (x(Sn) 0.66826) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.69723)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	822.86	PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.3977) + PD3SN2_ALPHA (x(Sn) 0.4) + PD3SN2_BETA (x(Sn) 0.4)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	822.86	PD3SN2_ALPHA (x(Sn) 0.4) + PD3SN2_BETA (x(Sn) 0.4) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.40254)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	785.78	PD3SN2_DELTA (x(Sn) 0.41) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.41007) + PDSN_B31 (x(Sn) 0.50034)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	750.66	PD2SN_C37 (x(Sn) 0.333) + PD2SN_B82 (x(Sn) 0.35227) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.3842)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	734.77	PD3SN2_ALPHA (x(Sn) 0.4) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.4043) + PD3SN2_DELTA (x(Sn) 0.41)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	734.77	PD3SN2_ALPHA (x(Sn) 0.4) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.40429) + PD3SN2_DELTA (x(Sn) 0.41)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	618	PDSN2 (x(Sn) 0.68052) + PDSN3 (x(Sn) 0.73658) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.96038)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	567.97	PDSN3 (x(Sn) 0.74186) + PDSN4_D1C (x(Sn) 0.7956) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.98011)
PdSn-06Viz.tdb	503.68	PDSN4_D1C (x(Sn) 0.79923) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.9955) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	1552.69	FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.16599) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.20139) + PD3SN_L12 (x(Sn) 0.22909)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	1503.9	PD3SN_L12 (x(Sn) 0.24979) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.30453) + PD2SN_B82 (x(Sn) 0.34775)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	1173.53	PD2SN_B82 (x(Sn) 0.37255) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.40835) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.49639)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	1094.09	PD3SN_L12 (x(Sn) 0.24999) + PD2SN_C37 (x(Sn) 0.33333) + PD2SN_B82 (x(Sn) 0.34477)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	1083.22	PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.43141) + PDSN_B31 (x(Sn) 0.50184) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.52971)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	890.01	PDSN_B31 (x(Sn) 0.5077) + PD5SN7 (x(Sn) 0.58333) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.66923)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	872.49	PD5SN7 (x(Sn) 0.58333) + PDSN2 (x(Sn) 0.66777) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.69299)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	823.1	PD3SN2_ALPHA (x(Sn) 0.4) + PD3SN2_BETA (x(Sn) 0.4) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.403)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	778.37	PD3SN2_DELTA (x(Sn) 0.41) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.41202) + PDSN_B31 (x(Sn) 0.50024)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	752.94	PD2SN_C37 (x(Sn) 0.33333) + PD2SN_B82 (x(Sn) 0.35611) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.37968)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	740.06	PD3SN2_ALPHA (x(Sn) 0.4) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.40497) + PD3SN2_DELTA (x(Sn) 0.41)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	618.61	PDSN2 (x(Sn) 0.67715) + PDSN3 (x(Sn) 0.73857) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.96888)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	567.63	PDSN3 (x(Sn) 0.7433) + PDSN4_D1C (x(Sn) 0.79659) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.98354)
PdSn-20Cui.tdb	503.79	PDSN4_D1C (x(Sn) 0.79943) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.99599) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	1553.47	FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.20912) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.21568) + PD3SN_L12 (x(Sn) 0.24864)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	1495.66	PD3SN_L12 (x(Sn) 0.25168) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.30584) + PD2SN_B82 (x(Sn) 0.34711)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	1173.09	PD2SN_B82 (x(Sn) 0.37649) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.4052) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.49449)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	1093.05	PD3SN_L12 (x(Sn) 0.25015) + PD2SN_C37 (x(Sn) 0.333) + PD2SN_B82 (x(Sn) 0.34276)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	1082.71	PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.41876) + PDSN_B31 (x(Sn) 0.50267) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.52823)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	873.21	PDSN_B31 (x(Sn) 0.50828) + PDSN2 (x(Sn) 0.66826) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.69723)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	822.86	PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.3977) + PD3SN2_ALPHA (x(Sn) 0.4) + PD3SN2_BETA (x(Sn) 0.4)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	822.86	PD3SN2_ALPHA (x(Sn) 0.4) + PD3SN2_BETA (x(Sn) 0.4) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.40254)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	785.78	PD3SN2_DELTA (x(Sn) 0.41) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.41007) + PDSN_B31 (x(Sn) 0.50034)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	750.66	PD2SN_C37 (x(Sn) 0.333) + PD2SN_B82 (x(Sn) 0.35227) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.3842)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	734.77	PD3SN2_ALPHA (x(Sn) 0.4) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.4043) + PD3SN2_DELTA (x(Sn) 0.41)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	734.77	PD3SN2_ALPHA (x(Sn) 0.4) + PD20SN13 (x(Sn) 0.40429) + PD3SN2_DELTA (x(Sn) 0.41)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	618	PDSN2 (x(Sn) 0.68052) + PDSN3 (x(Sn) 0.73658) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.96038)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	567.97	PDSN3 (x(Sn) 0.74186) + PDSN4_D1C (x(Sn) 0.7956) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.98011)
PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb	503.68	PDSN4_D1C (x(Sn) 0.79923) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.9955) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull PdSn-06Viz · CALPHAD hull PdSn-99Gho-LB

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Pd–Sn system (104)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
1601.15	congruent melting: Liquid = Pd3Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.249; Liquid: Sn 0.249	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 8 report
1599.15	congruent melting: Liquid = Pd3Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.246; Liquid: Sn 0.246	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 9 report
1599.15	congruent melting: Liquid = Pd3Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.25; Liquid: Sn 0.25	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Knight 1959 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 6 report
1598.15	congruent melting: Liquid = Pd3Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.249; Liquid: Sn 0.249	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 10 report
1576.15	congruent melting: Liquid = Pd3Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.25; Liquid: Sn 0.25	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1959	Table 4, p. 7, row 7 report
1566.15	Liquid = (Pd) + Pd3Sn	(Pd): Sn 0.17; Pd3Sn: Sn 0.24; Liquid: Sn 0.212	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Knight 1959 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 1 report
1566	eutectic: L -> (Pd) + Pd3Sn	L: Sn 0.2125; (Pd): Sn 0.1583; Pd3Sn: Sn 0.228	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Knight 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 1 report
1560.15	congruent melting: Liquid = γ_Pd2Sn	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.34; Liquid: Sn 0.34	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Knight 1959 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 16 report
1559.15	congruent melting: Liquid = γ_Pd2Sn	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.358; Liquid: Sn 0.358	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 20 report
1559.15	congruent melting: Liquid = γ_Pd2Sn	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.353; Liquid: Sn 0.353	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 19 report
1559.15	congruent melting: Liquid = γ_Pd2Sn	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.354; Liquid: Sn 0.354	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 18 report
1553.15	Liquid = (Pd) + Pd3Sn	(Pd): Sn 0.166; Pd3Sn: Sn 0.229; Liquid: Sn 0.201	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 4 report
1553.15	Liquid = (Pd) + Pd3Sn	(Pd): Sn 0.17; Pd3Sn: Sn 0.23; Liquid: Sn 0.212	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1959	Table 4, p. 7, row 2 report
1553.15	Liquid = (Pd) + Pd3Sn	(Pd): Sn 0.172; Pd3Sn: Sn 0.238; Liquid: Sn 0.211	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 5 report
1553	eutectic: L -> (Pd) + Pd3Sn	L: Sn 0.2132; (Pd): Sn 0.167; Pd3Sn: Sn 0.2263	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Schubert 1959 doi	Table III, p. 7, row 2 report
1552	eutectic: L -> (Pd) + Pd3Sn	L: Sn 0.2138; (Pd): Sn 0.2055; Pd3Sn: Sn 0.2463	model	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 3 report
1551.15	Liquid = (Pd) + Pd3Sn	(Pd): Sn 0.205; Pd3Sn: Sn 0.246; Liquid: Sn 0.214	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 3 report
1543.15	congruent melting: Liquid = γ_Pd2Sn	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.33; Liquid: Sn 0.33	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1959	Table 4, p. 7, row 17 report
1504.15	Liquid = Pd3Sn + γ_Pd2Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.26; γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.33; Liquid: Sn 0.302	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Knight 1959 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 11 report
1504.15	Liquid = Pd3Sn + γ_Pd2Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.25; γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.353; Liquid: Sn 0.315	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 15 report
1504.15	Liquid = Pd3Sn + γ_Pd2Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.25; γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.348; Liquid: Sn 0.305	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 14 report
1504	eutectic: L -> γ-Pd2Sn + Pd3Sn	L: Sn 0.305; γ-Pd2Sn: Sn 0.3208; Pd3Sn: Sn 0.2583	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Knight 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 4 report
1496	eutectic: L -> γ-Pd2Sn + Pd3Sn	L: Sn 0.3057; γ-Pd2Sn: Sn 0.3471; Pd3Sn: Sn 0.2511	model	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 6 report
1495.15	Liquid = Pd3Sn + γ_Pd2Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.251; γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.347; Liquid: Sn 0.306	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 13 report
1488.15	Liquid = Pd3Sn + γ_Pd2Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.26; γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.33; Liquid: Sn 0.3	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1959	Table 4, p. 7, row 12 report
1488	eutectic: L -> γ-Pd2Sn + Pd3Sn	L: Sn 0.3027; γ-Pd2Sn: Sn 0.3243; Pd3Sn: Sn 0.2553	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Schubert 1959 doi	Table III, p. 7, row 5 report
1202.15	Liquid + γ_Pd2Sn = Pd20Sn13	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.38; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.4; Liquid: Sn 0.48	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Knight 1959 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 21 report
1202	L + γ-Pd2Sn -> Pd20Sn13	L: Sn 0.482; γ-Pd2Sn: Sn 0.3792; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.3917	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Knight 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 10 report
1173.15	Liquid + γ_Pd2Sn = Pd20Sn13	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.372; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.41; Liquid: Sn 0.484	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 26 report
1173.15	Liquid + γ_Pd2Sn = Pd20Sn13	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.373; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.408; Liquid: Sn 0.497	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 25 report
1173.15	Liquid + γ_Pd2Sn = Pd20Sn13	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.38; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.4	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Sarah 1981	Table 4, p. 7, row 23 report
1173.15	Liquid + γ_Pd2Sn = Pd20Sn13	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.376; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.405; Liquid: Sn 0.494	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 24 report
1173.15	Liquid + γ_Pd2Sn = Pd20Sn13	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.38; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.4; Liquid: Sn 0.47	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1959	Table 4, p. 7, row 22 report
1173	L + γ-Pd2Sn -> Pd20Sn13	L: Sn 0.4945; γ-Pd2Sn: Sn 0.3765; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.4052	model	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 12 report
1173	L + γ-Pd2Sn -> Pd20Sn13	L: Sn 0.4598; γ-Pd2Sn: Sn 0.3844; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.4	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Schubert 1959 doi	Table III, p. 7, row 11 report
1098.15	Liquid + Pd20Sn13 = PdSn	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.41; PdSn: Sn 0.5; Liquid: Sn 0.53	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Knight 1959 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 27 report
1098	L + Pd20Sn13 -> PdSn	L: Sn 0.525; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.41; PdSn: Sn 0.5125	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Knight 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 13 report
1093.15	Pd3Sn + γ_Pd2Sn = Pd2Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.25; γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.343; Pd2Sn: Sn 0.333	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 55 report
1093.15	Pd3Sn + γ_Pd2Sn = Pd2Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.25; γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.349; Pd2Sn: Sn 0.333	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 57 report
1093.15	Pd3Sn + γ_Pd2Sn = Pd2Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.25; γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.345; Pd2Sn: Sn 0.333	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 56 report
1093.15	Pd3Sn + γ_Pd2Sn = Pd2Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.25; γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.35; Pd2Sn: Sn 0.33	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Knight 1959 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 54 report
1093	Pd3Sn + γ-Pd2Sn -> Pd2Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.2526; γ-Pd2Sn: Sn 0.3444; Pd2Sn: Sn 0.333	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Schubert 1959 doi	Table III, p. 7, row 25 report
1093	Pd3Sn + γ-Pd2Sn -> Pd2Sn	Pd3Sn: Sn 0.2501; γ-Pd2Sn: Sn 0.3428; Pd2Sn: Sn 0.333	model	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 26 report
1083.15	Liquid + Pd20Sn13 = PdSn	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.419; PdSn: Sn 0.503; Liquid: Sn 0.528	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 30 report
1083.15	Liquid + Pd20Sn13 = PdSn	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.42; PdSn: Sn 0.5	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Sarah 1981	Table 4, p. 7, row 29 report
1083.15	Liquid + Pd20Sn13 = PdSn	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.431; PdSn: Sn 0.502; Liquid: Sn 0.53	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 31 report
1083.15	Liquid + Pd20Sn13 = PdSn	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.4; PdSn: Sn 0.5; Liquid: Sn 0.53	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1959	Table 4, p. 7, row 28 report
1083	L + Pd20Sn13 -> PdSn	L: Sn 0.4869; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.4163; PdSn: Sn 0.5025	model	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 15 report
1083	L + Pd20Sn13 -> PdSn	L: Sn 0.5211; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.4055; PdSn: Sn 0.5	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Schubert 1959 doi	Table III, p. 7, row 14 report
1082.15	Liquid + Pd20Sn13 = PdSn	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.435; PdSn: Sn 0.502; Liquid: Sn 0.527	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 32 report
934.15	polymorphic: Pd20Sn13 = β_Pd3Sn2	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.4; β_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.4	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 8, row 11 report
933.15	polymorphic: Pd20Sn13 = β_Pd3Sn2	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.4; β_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.4	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 8, row 12 report
933.15	polymorphic: Pd20Sn13 = β_Pd3Sn2	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.4; β_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.4	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 8, row 10 report
933.15	polymorphic: Pd20Sn13 = β_Pd3Sn2	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.4; β_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.4	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Sarah 1981	Table 4, p. 8, row 9 report
890.15	Liquid + PdSn = Pd5Sn7	PdSn: Sn 0.508; Pd5Sn7: Sn 0.583; Liquid: Sn 0.694	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 35 report
890.15	Liquid + PdSn = Pd5Sn7	PdSn: Sn 0.508; Pd5Sn7: Sn 0.583; Liquid: Sn 0.669	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 34 report
890.15	Liquid + PdSn = Pd5Sn7	PdSn: Sn 0.5; Pd5Sn7: Sn 0.583; Liquid: Sn 0.68	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Knight 1959 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 33 report
890	L + PdSn -> PdSn2	L: Sn 0.6743; PdSn: Sn 0.5112	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Knight 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 16 report
873.15	Liquid + Pd5Sn7 = PdSn2	Pd5Sn7: Sn 0.583; PdSn2: Sn 0.67; Liquid: Sn 0.72	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Knight 1959 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 36 report
873	L + PdSn -> PdSn2	L: Sn 0.6972; PdSn: Sn 0.5083; PdSn2: Sn 0.6683	model	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 18 report
873	L + PdSn -> PdSn2	L: Sn 0.7161; PdSn: Sn 0.5054; PdSn2: Sn 0.6734	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Schubert 1959 doi	Table III, p. 7, row 17 report
872.15	Liquid + Pd5Sn7 = PdSn2	Pd5Sn7: Sn 0.583; PdSn2: Sn 0.668; Liquid: Sn 0.716	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 38 report
872.15	Liquid + Pd5Sn7 = PdSn2	Pd5Sn7: Sn 0.583; PdSn2: Sn 0.668; Liquid: Sn 0.693	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 37 report
823.15	polymorphic: α_Pd3Sn2 = β_Pd3Sn2	α_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.4; β_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.4	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 8, row 14 report
823.15	polymorphic: α_Pd3Sn2 = β_Pd3Sn2	α_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.4; β_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.4	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 8, row 16 report
815.15	polymorphic: α_Pd3Sn2 = β_Pd3Sn2	α_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.4; β_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.4	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Sarah 1981	Table 4, p. 8, row 13 report
793.15	polymorphic: Pd20Sn13 = δ_Pd3Sn2	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.41; δ_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.41	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Sarah 1981	Table 4, p. 8, row 5 report
793.15	polymorphic: Pd20Sn13 = δ_Pd3Sn2	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.41; δ_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.41	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 8, row 8 report
790.15	polymorphic: Pd20Sn13 = δ_Pd3Sn2	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.41; δ_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.41	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 8, row 7 report
785.85	Pd20Sn13 = δ_Pd3Sn2 + PdSn	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.4101; δ_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.41; PdSn: Sn 0.5	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 8, row 2 report
785.85	polymorphic: Pd20Sn13 = δ_Pd3Sn2	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.41; δ_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.41	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 8, row 6 report
784.15	Pd20Sn13 = δ_Pd3Sn2 + PdSn	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.412; δ_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.41; PdSn: Sn 0.5	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 8, row 3 report
783.15	Pd20Sn13 = δ_Pd3Sn2 + PdSn	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.412; δ_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.41; PdSn: Sn 0.5	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Sarah 1981	Table 4, p. 8, row 1 report
783.15	Pd20Sn13 = δ_Pd3Sn2 + PdSn	Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.414; δ_Pd3Sn2: Sn 0.41; PdSn: Sn 0.5	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 8, row 4 report
752.15	γ_Pd2Sn = Pd2Sn + Pd20Sn13	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.356; Pd2Sn: Sn 0.333; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.38	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 61 report
751.15	γ_Pd2Sn = Pd2Sn + Pd20Sn13	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.352; Pd2Sn: Sn 0.333; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.384	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 60 report
751	γ-Pd2Sn -> Pd2Sn + Pd20Sn13	γ-Pd2Sn: Sn 0.3523; Pd2Sn: Sn 0.333; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.3842	model	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 28 report
748.15	γ_Pd2Sn = Pd2Sn + Pd20Sn13	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.37; Pd2Sn: Sn 0.33; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.38	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Knight 1959 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 58 report
748.15	γ_Pd2Sn = Pd2Sn + Pd20Sn13	γ_Pd2Sn: Sn 0.37; Pd2Sn: Sn 0.33; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.38	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Sarah 1981	Table 4, p. 7, row 59 report
748	γ-Pd2Sn -> Pd2Sn + Pd20Sn13	γ-Pd2Sn: Sn 0.373; Pd2Sn: Sn 0.3324; Pd20Sn13: Sn 0.3811	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Schubert 1959 doi	Table III, p. 7, row 27 report
621.15	Liquid + PdSn2 = PdSn3	PdSn2: Sn 0.67; PdSn3: Sn 0.75; Liquid: Sn 0.96	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Knight 1959 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 39 report
621	L + PdSn2 -> PdSn3	L: Sn 0.9517; PdSn2: Sn 0.68	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Knight 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 19 report
618.15	Liquid + PdSn2 = PdSn3	PdSn2: Sn 0.677; PdSn3: Sn 0.739; Liquid: Sn 0.969	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 42 report
618.15	Liquid + PdSn2 = PdSn3	PdSn2: Sn 0.678; PdSn3: Sn 0.737; Liquid: Sn 0.986	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 43 report
618.15	Liquid + PdSn2 = PdSn3	PdSn2: Sn 0.68; PdSn3: Sn 0.74; Liquid: Sn 0.97	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1959	Table 4, p. 7, row 40 report
618.15	Liquid + PdSn2 = PdSn3	PdSn2: Sn 0.681; PdSn3: Sn 0.737; Liquid: Sn 0.96	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 41 report
618	L + PdSn2 -> PdSn3	L: Sn 0.9684; PdSn2: Sn 0.6833; PdSn3: Sn 0.7421	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Schubert 1959 doi	Table III, p. 7, row 20 report
618	L + PdSn2 -> PdSn3	L: Sn 0.9604; PdSn2: Sn 0.6805; PdSn3: Sn 0.7366	model	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 21 report
582.15	Liquid + PdSn3 = PdSn4	PdSn3: Sn 0.75; PdSn4: Sn 0.8; Liquid: Sn 0.98	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Knight 1959 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 44 report
582	L + PdSn3 -> PdSn4	L: Sn 0.9708	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Knight 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 22 report
568.15	Liquid + PdSn3 = PdSn4	PdSn3: Sn 0.743; PdSn4: Sn 0.797; Liquid: Sn 0.983	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 47 report
568.15	Liquid + PdSn3 = PdSn4	PdSn3: Sn 0.74; PdSn4: Sn 0.8; Liquid: Sn 0.98	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1959	Table 4, p. 7, row 45 report
568.15	Liquid + PdSn3 = PdSn4	PdSn3: Sn 0.742; PdSn4: Sn 0.796; Liquid: Sn 0.997	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 48 report
568.15	Liquid + PdSn3 = PdSn4	PdSn3: Sn 0.742; PdSn4: Sn 0.796; Liquid: Sn 0.98	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 46 report
568	L + PdSn3 -> PdSn4	L: Sn 0.9826; PdSn3: Sn 0.75; PdSn4: Sn 0.7947	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Schubert 1959 doi	Table III, p. 7, row 23 report
568	L + PdSn3 -> PdSn4	L: Sn 0.9801; PdSn3: Sn 0.7419; PdSn4: Sn 0.7956	model	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 24 report
505.15	Liquid = PdSn4 + (β_Sn)	PdSn4: Sn 0.799; (β_Sn): Sn 1; Liquid: Sn 0.999	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 53 report
504.15	Liquid = PdSn4 + (β_Sn)	PdSn4: Sn 0.799; (β_Sn): Sn 1; Liquid: Sn 0.996	model	[1] Cui 2020	Table 4, p. 7, row 52 report
504.15	Liquid = PdSn4 + (β_Sn)	PdSn4: Sn 0.799; (β_Sn): Sn 1; Liquid: Sn 0.996	model	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 51 report
504	eutectic: L -> (Sn) + PdSn4	L: Sn 0.9955; (Sn): Sn 1; PdSn4: Sn 0.7992	model	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 9 report
503.15	Liquid = PdSn4 + (β_Sn)	PdSn4: Sn 0.8; (β_Sn): Sn 1; Liquid: Sn 0.99	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1959	Table 4, p. 7, row 50 report
503	eutectic: L -> (Sn) + PdSn4	L: Sn 1; (Sn): Sn 1; PdSn4: Sn 0.8	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Schubert 1959 doi	Table III, p. 7, row 8 report
502.15	Liquid = PdSn4 + (β_Sn)	PdSn4: Sn 0.8; (β_Sn): Sn 1; Liquid: Sn 0.99	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Knight 1959 doi	Table 4, p. 7, row 49 report
502	eutectic: L -> (Sn) + PdSn4	L: Sn 1; (Sn): Sn 1	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Knight 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 7 report

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Pd–Sn system (26)
Phase	Compound	Value	T (K)	Class	MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	Source	Location
Pd20Sn13	Pd20Sn13	-64.517 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	unspecified	-51.38 (mp-aaacrjpf)		[2] Ghosh 1999	Table V, p. 8, row 10 report
Pd2Sn	Pd2Sn	-64.222 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	unspecified	-52.167 (mp-aaaaactf)	-55.441 (oqmd-7830)	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table V, p. 8, row 6 report
Pd2Sn	Pd2Sn	-64 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model	-52.167 (mp-aaaaactf)	-55.441 (oqmd-7830)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites F 1988	Table V, p. 8, row 5 report
Pd2Sn	Pd2Sn	-63.996 kJ/mol-atom ± 0.088	320	experimental	-52.167 (mp-aaaaactf)	-55.441 (oqmd-7830)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Bryant 1970	Table V, p. 8, row 4 report
Pd3Sn	Pd3Sn	-59 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model	-49.869 (mp-aaaaabbq)	-52.239 (oqmd-2170055)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites F 1988	Table V, p. 8, row 2 report
Pd3Sn	Pd3Sn	-58.976 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	unspecified	-49.869 (mp-aaaaabbq)	-52.239 (oqmd-2170055)	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table V, p. 8, row 3 report
Pd3Sn	Pd3Sn	-58.579 kJ/mol-atom ± 0.218	320	experimental	-49.869 (mp-aaaaabbq)	-52.239 (oqmd-2170055)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Bryant 1970	Table V, p. 8, row 1 report
PdSn	PdSn	-69 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model	-51.312 (mp-aaaaadnd)	-55.827 (oqmd-17950)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites F 1988	Table V, p. 8, row 14 report
PdSn	PdSn	-61.166 kJ/mol-atom ± 0.184	320	experimental	-51.312 (mp-aaaaadnd)	-55.827 (oqmd-17950)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Bryant 1970	Table V, p. 8, row 12 report
PdSn	PdSn	-60.997 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	unspecified	-51.312 (mp-aaaaadnd)	-55.827 (oqmd-17950)	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table V, p. 8, row 15 report
PdSn	PdSn	-60.363 kJ/mol-atom ± 0.335	273	experimental	-51.312 (mp-aaaaadnd)	-55.827 (oqmd-17950)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Guadagno 1968	Table V, p. 8, row 13 report
PdSn2	PdSn2	-52 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model	-37.507 (mp-aaaaacin)	-43.643 (oqmd-2029391)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites F 1988	Table V, p. 8, row 18 report
PdSn2	PdSn2	-44.104 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	unspecified	-37.507 (mp-aaaaacin)	-43.643 (oqmd-2029391)	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table V, p. 8, row 19 report
PdSn2	PdSn2	-44.1 kJ/mol-atom ± 0.172	320	experimental	-37.507 (mp-aaaaacin)	-43.643 (oqmd-2029391)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Bryant 1970	Table V, p. 8, row 16 report
PdSn2	PdSn2	-43.744 kJ/mol-atom ± 0.251	273	experimental	-37.507 (mp-aaaaacin)	-43.643 (oqmd-2029391)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Guadagno 1968	Table V, p. 8, row 17 report
PdSn3	PdSn3	-39 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model	-28.236 (mp-aaaaacat)	-34.635 (oqmd-17951)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites F 1988	Table V, p. 8, row 21 report
PdSn3	PdSn3	-34.826 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	unspecified	-28.236 (mp-aaaaacat)	-34.635 (oqmd-17951)	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table V, p. 8, row 22 report
PdSn3	PdSn3	-33.878 kJ/mol-atom ± 0.125	320	experimental	-28.236 (mp-aaaaacat)	-34.635 (oqmd-17951)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Bryant 1970	Table V, p. 8, row 20 report
PdSn4	PdSn4	-31 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model	-22.852 (mp-aaaaaddw)	-29.96 (oqmd-17952)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites F 1988	Table V, p. 8, row 25 report
PdSn4	PdSn4	-28.56 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	unspecified	-22.852 (mp-aaaaaddw)	-29.96 (oqmd-17952)	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table V, p. 8, row 26 report
PdSn4	PdSn4	-28.339 kJ/mol-atom ± 0.335	273	experimental	-22.852 (mp-aaaaaddw)	-29.96 (oqmd-17952)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Guadagno 1968	Table V, p. 8, row 24 report
PdSn4	PdSn4	-27.841 kJ/mol-atom ± 0.075	320	experimental	-22.852 (mp-aaaaaddw)	-29.96 (oqmd-17952)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Bryant 1970	Table V, p. 8, row 23 report
α-Pd3Sn2	Pd3Sn2	-69 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	model		-54.261 (oqmd-1797420)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites F 1988	Table V, p. 8, row 8 report
α-Pd3Sn2	Pd3Sn2	-64.575 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	unspecified		-54.261 (oqmd-1797420)	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table V, p. 8, row 9 report
α-Pd3Sn2	Pd3Sn2	-62.351 kJ/mol-atom ± 0.276	320	experimental		-54.261 (oqmd-1797420)	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Bryant 1970	Table V, p. 8, row 7 report
δ-Pd3Sn2	Pd3Sn2	-64.286 kJ/mol-atom	298.15	unspecified		-54.261 (oqmd-1797420)	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table V, p. 8, row 11 report

Other properties

Phase transition (4)

Phase transition, Pd–Sn system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Phase transition	1559 K	1559	L -> γ-Pd2Sn γ-Pd2Sn: Sn 0.3482	model	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 32 report
Phase transition	1560 K	1560	L -> γ-Pd2Sn γ-Pd2Sn: Sn 0.3367	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Knight 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 31 report
Phase transition	1599 K	1599	L -> Pd3Sn Pd3Sn: Sn 0.25	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Knight 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 29 report
Phase transition	1602 K	1602	L -> Pd3Sn Pd3Sn: Sn 0.2502	model	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table III, p. 7, row 30 report

Mixing / partial (18)

Mixing / partial, Pd–Sn system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-119.16 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	698.1	liquid alloy: Pd 0.001, Sn 0.999	unspecified	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table IV, p. 8, row 3 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-109.545 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	698.1	liquid	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Darby 1966	Table IV, p. 8, row 2 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-109.758 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	700	liquid	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Guadagno 1968	Table IV, p. 8, row 4 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-119.161 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	700	liquid alloy: Pd 0.001, Sn 0.999	unspecified	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table IV, p. 8, row 5 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-111.139 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	703	liquid	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Guadagno 1968	Table IV, p. 8, row 1 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-108.921 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	725	liquid	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Guadagno 1968	Table IV, p. 8, row 6 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-119.176 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	725	liquid alloy: Pd 0.001, Sn 0.999	unspecified	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table IV, p. 8, row 7 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-119.183 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	750	liquid alloy: Pd 0.001, Sn 0.999	unspecified	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table IV, p. 8, row 10 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-110.302 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	750	liquid	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Guadagno 1968	Table IV, p. 8, row 9 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-113.274 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	759	liquid	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Guadagno 1968	Table IV, p. 8, row 8 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-108.293 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	763	liquid	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Guadagno 1968	Table IV, p. 8, row 11 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-119.183 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	763	liquid alloy: Pd 0.001, Sn 0.999	unspecified	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table IV, p. 8, row 12 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-119.18 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	773	liquid alloy: Pd 0.001, Sn 0.999	unspecified	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table IV, p. 8, row 14 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-105.614 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	773	liquid	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Guadagno 1968	Table IV, p. 8, row 13 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-119.169 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	775	liquid alloy: Pd 0.001, Sn 0.999	unspecified	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table IV, p. 8, row 16 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-105.656 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	775	liquid	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Guadagno 1968	Table IV, p. 8, row 15 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-104.861 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	797	liquid	experimental	[2] Ghosh 1999 cites Guadagno 1968	Table IV, p. 8, row 17 report
Partial enthalpy printed: H̄_Pd^liq	-119.18 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	797	liquid alloy: Pd 0.001, Sn 0.999	unspecified	[2] Ghosh 1999	Table IV, p. 8, row 18 report

Crystal structure (56)

Crystal structure, Pd–Sn system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Lattice a	8.7985 Å ± 0.0011	298.15	Pd20Sn13 alloy: Sn 0.393939	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Sarah 1981	Table 1, p. 2, row 13 report
Lattice a	8.77574 Å ± 1.700e-4	298.15	Pd20Sn13 alloy: Sn 0.393939	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Klein 2015 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 14 report
Lattice a	5.65 Å	298.15	Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1957 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 8 report
Lattice a	5.65 Å	298.15	Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1959	Table 1, p. 2, row 7 report
Lattice a	5.635 Å ± 0.004	298.15	Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Page 2007	Table 1, p. 2, row 9 report
Lattice a	5.647 Å ± 0.001	298.15	Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Page 2007	Table 1, p. 2, row 10 report
Lattice a	3.97 Å	298.15	Pd3Sn alloy: Sn 0.25	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Nowotny 1946	Table 1, p. 2, row 3 report
Lattice a	3.967 Å	298.15	Pd3Sn alloy: Sn 0.25	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Shelton 1981	Table 1, p. 2, row 1 report
Lattice a	3.976 Å ± 0.001	298.15	Pd3Sn alloy: Sn 0.25	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Ellner 1981 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 4 report
Lattice a	3.975 Å	298.15	Pd3Sn alloy: Sn 0.25	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Harris 1968 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 2 report
Lattice a	3.971 Å ± 0.007	298.15	Pd3Sn alloy: Sn 0.25	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Woo 1975 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 6 report
Lattice a	12.9475 Å ± 9.000e-4	298.15	Pd5Sn7 alloy: Sn 0.583333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Romaka 2010 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 18 report
Lattice a	6.1388 Å ± 4.000e-4	298.15	PdSn alloy: Sn 0.5	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Laufek 2012	Table 1, p. 2, row 17 report
Lattice a	6.126 Å ± 0.004	298.15	PdSn alloy: Sn 0.5	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Kareva 2012 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 15 report
Lattice a	6.12 Å	298.15	PdSn alloy: Sn 0.5	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Nowotny 1946	Table 1, p. 2, row 16 report
Lattice a	6.49 Å ± 0.001	298.15	PdSn2 alloy: Sn 0.666667	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Kunnen 2000 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 20 report
Lattice a	6.491 Å ± 0.001	298.15	PdSn2 alloy: Sn 0.666667	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Nylen 2004 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 21 report
Lattice a	6.49 Å ± 0.001	298.15	PdSn2 alloy: Sn 0.666667	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Hellner 1956 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 19 report
Lattice a	17.2 Å	298.15	PdSn3 alloy: Sn 0.75	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1958 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 22 report
Lattice a	17.147 Å ± 0.006	298.15	PdSn3 alloy: Sn 0.75	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Nylen 2004 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 23 report
Lattice a	6.426 Å ± 0.012	298.15	PdSn4 alloy: Sn 0.8	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1950	Table 1, p. 2, row 26 report
Lattice a	6.4415 Å ± 1.000e-4	298.15	PdSn4 alloy: Sn 0.8	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Kubiak 1985 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 25 report
Lattice a	6.442 Å ± 0.001	298.15	PdSn4 alloy: Sn 0.8	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Nylen 2004 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 24 report
Lattice a	4.375 Å	298.15	γ_Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Kareva 2014 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 12 report
Lattice b	4.31 Å	298.15	Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1957 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 8 report
Lattice b	4.31 Å	298.15	Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1959	Table 1, p. 2, row 7 report
Lattice b	4.283 Å ± 0.003	298.15	Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Page 2007	Table 1, p. 2, row 9 report
Lattice b	4.294 Å ± 0.004	298.15	Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Page 2007	Table 1, p. 2, row 10 report
Lattice b	4.3764 Å ± 3.000e-4	298.15	Pd5Sn7 alloy: Sn 0.583333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Romaka 2010 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 18 report
Lattice b	3.89226 Å ± 3.000e-5	298.15	PdSn alloy: Sn 0.5	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Laufek 2012	Table 1, p. 2, row 17 report
Lattice b	3.901 Å ± 0.008	298.15	PdSn alloy: Sn 0.5	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Kareva 2012 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 15 report
Lattice b	3.86 Å	298.15	PdSn alloy: Sn 0.5	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Nowotny 1946	Table 1, p. 2, row 16 report
Lattice b	6.47 Å	298.15	PdSn3 alloy: Sn 0.75	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1958 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 22 report
Lattice b	6.458 Å ± 0.003	298.15	PdSn3 alloy: Sn 0.75	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Nylen 2004 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 23 report
Lattice b	11.495 Å ± 0.006	298.15	PdSn4 alloy: Sn 0.8	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1950	Table 1, p. 2, row 26 report
Lattice b	11.4462 Å ± 2.000e-4	298.15	PdSn4 alloy: Sn 0.8	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Kubiak 1985 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 25 report
Lattice b	11.445 Å ± 0.001	298.15	PdSn4 alloy: Sn 0.8	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Nylen 2004 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 24 report
Lattice c	16.9837 Å ± 0.0034	298.15	Pd20Sn13 alloy: Sn 0.393939	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Sarah 1981	Table 1, p. 2, row 13 report
Lattice c	16.9004 Å ± 4.000e-4	298.15	Pd20Sn13 alloy: Sn 0.393939	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Klein 2015 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 14 report
Lattice c	8.12 Å	298.15	Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1957 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 8 report
Lattice c	8.12 Å	298.15	Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1959	Table 1, p. 2, row 7 report
Lattice c	8.091 Å ± 0.006	298.15	Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Page 2007	Table 1, p. 2, row 9 report
Lattice c	8.103 Å ± 0.002	298.15	Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Page 2007	Table 1, p. 2, row 10 report
Lattice c	9.5659 Å ± 7.000e-4	298.15	Pd5Sn7 alloy: Sn 0.583333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Romaka 2010 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 18 report
Lattice c	6.3377 Å ± 4.000e-4	298.15	PdSn alloy: Sn 0.5	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Laufek 2012	Table 1, p. 2, row 17 report
Lattice c	6.33 Å ± 0.004	298.15	PdSn alloy: Sn 0.5	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Kareva 2012 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 15 report
Lattice c	6.31 Å	298.15	PdSn alloy: Sn 0.5	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Nowotny 1946	Table 1, p. 2, row 16 report
Lattice c	24.327 Å ± 0.005	298.15	PdSn2 alloy: Sn 0.666667	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Kunnen 2000 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 20 report
Lattice c	24.353 Å ± 0.004	298.15	PdSn2 alloy: Sn 0.666667	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Nylen 2004 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 21 report
Lattice c	24.378 Å ± 0.004	298.15	PdSn2 alloy: Sn 0.666667	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Hellner 1956 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 19 report
Lattice c	6.5 Å	298.15	PdSn3 alloy: Sn 0.75	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1958 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 22 report
Lattice c	6.488 Å ± 0.002	298.15	PdSn3 alloy: Sn 0.75	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Nylen 2004 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 23 report
Lattice c	6.397 Å ± 0.012	298.15	PdSn4 alloy: Sn 0.8	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Schubert 1950	Table 1, p. 2, row 26 report
Lattice c	6.3888 Å ± 1.000e-4	298.15	PdSn4 alloy: Sn 0.8	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Kubiak 1985 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 25 report
Lattice c	6.389 Å ± 0.001	298.15	PdSn4 alloy: Sn 0.8	unspecified	[1] Cui 2020 cites Nylen 2004 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 24 report
Lattice c	5.698 Å ± 0.004	298.15	γ_Pd2Sn alloy: Sn 0.333333	experimental	[1] Cui 2020 cites Kareva 2014 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 12 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020). doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945
G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999). doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735859
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}