Sn system

89 accepted literature values from 19 paper(s) (experimental 29, model 25, DFT 18, unspecified 17); 0 calculated phase diagram(s). 1 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence classValues
experimental29
model25
DFT18
unspecified17
Accepted values by property group
Property groupValues
invariant reaction5
phase transition16
formation1
mixing / partial4
heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy8
activity / EMF / Gibbs energy2
crystal structure51
other property2

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Sn system (5)
T (K)Reaction / phasesCompositions (mole fraction)ClassSourceLocationQuote
286.15polymorphic: βSn -> αSnβSn: ; αSn: model[1] Sheldon 1987Table 1, p. 2, row 2
report
286.15polymorphic: βSn ↔ αSnunspecified[2] Grolier 2008
cites Dinsdale 1991 doi
Table 3, p. 5, row 17
report
286.15(β_Sn) = (α_Sn)(β_Sn): Sn 1; (α_Sn): Sn 1model[3] Cui 2020
cites Dinsdale 1991 doi
Table 4, p. 8, row 17
report
286congruent transformation: β Sn = α Snunspecified[4] Subasic 1998
cites ref. 83Abr
Table 1, p. 3, row 20
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286congruent transformation: β Sn = α Snα Sn: Sn 1model[4] Subasic 1998Table 1, p. 3, row 19
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Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Sn system (1)
PhaseCompoundValueT (K)ClassMP DFT (kJ/mol-atom)OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom)SourceLocationQuote
A5-Sn0 kJ/mol (basis unstated)0DFT[5] Berche 2016Table 2, p. 4, row 3
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Other properties

Phase transition (16)

Phase transition, Sn system
PropertyValueT (K)Phases / compositionClassSourceLocationQuote
Phase transition285 K285b-Snmodel[6] OHNO 2006p. 5
report
By lowering the free energy of b-Sn by just a few kJ/mol it is shown that now the transition temperature calculated from first-principles is about 285 K, much closer to the experimental value (286 K) and without any adjustments to the calculated finite temperature thermodynamic properties.
Phase transition286 K286a-Sn -> b-Snmodel[6] OHNO 2006
cites Dinsdale 1991
p. 5
report
In the case of Sn, both a-Sn and b-Sn are dynamically stable at low temperatures and it is possible to use the present methods to try to estimate the a ! b transition, which occurs at 286 K [41].
Phase transition286.15 K286.15polymorphic: βSn -> αSn
βSn: Sn 1; αSn: Sn 1
unspecified[7] Anderson 1992Table 1, p. 1, row 4
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Phase transition286.15 K286.15βSn + αSnmodel[8] Zemanova 2012Table 3, p. 5, row 32
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Phase transition294.15 K294.15other: L + (Sn)
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 64Pre
Table 2, p. 4, row 23
report
Phase transition294.15 K294.15other: L + (Sn)
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 64Pre
Table 2, p. 3, row 75
report
Phase transition445.15 K445.15other: L + (Sn)
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 64Pre
Table 2, p. 4, row 22
report
Phase transition445.15 K445.15other: L + (Sn)
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 64Pre
Table 2, p. 3, row 74
report
Phase transition471.15 K471.15other: L + (Sn)
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 64Pre
Table 2, p. 4, row 21
report
Phase transition471.15 K471.15other: L + (Sn)
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 64Pre
Table 2, p. 3, row 73
report
Phase transition481.15 K481.15other: L + (Sn)
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 64Pre
Table 2, p. 3, row 72
report
Phase transition481.15 K481.15other: L + (Sn)
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 64Pre
Table 2, p. 4, row 20
report
Phase transition488.15 K488.15other: L + (Sn)
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 64Pre
Table 2, p. 3, row 71
report
Phase transition488.15 K488.15other: L + (Sn)
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 64Pre
Table 2, p. 4, row 19
report
Phase transition497.15 K497.15other: L + (Sn)
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 64Pre
Table 2, p. 3, row 70
report
Phase transition497.15 K497.15other: L + (Sn)
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 64Pre
Table 2, p. 4, row 18
report

Mixing / partial (4)

Mixing / partial, Sn system
PropertyValueT (K)Phases / compositionClassSourceLocationQuote
Gibbs energy of mixing
printed: Integral Gibbs energies of mixing
0 kJ/mol (basis unstated)1373liquid
alloy: Sn 1
model[9] Charles 1999Table 7, p. 8, row 2
report
Gibbs energy of mixing
printed: Integral Gibbs energies of mixing
0 kJ/mol (basis unstated)1573liquid
alloy: Sn 1
model[9] Charles 1999Table 7, p. 8, row 3
report
Gibbs energy of mixing
printed: Integral Gibbs energies of mixing
0 kJ/mol (basis unstated)1773liquid
alloy: Sn 1
model[9] Charles 1999Table 7, p. 8, row 6
report
sm fusion
printed: ΔSmelt
13.91 J/mol (basis unstated)/K505.1UNKNOWN
alloy: Sn 1
model[9] Charles 1999
cites Dinsdale 1991 doi
Table 2, p. 4, row 2
report

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (8)

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, Sn system
PropertyValueT (K)Phases / compositionClassSourceLocationQuote
Entropy
printed: S,298
46.34 J/mol (basis unstated)/K0α-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
DFT[6] OHNO 2006Table 2, p. 4, row 5
report
Entropy
printed: S,298
53.66 J/mol (basis unstated)/K0β-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
DFT[6] OHNO 2006Table 2, p. 4, row 3
report
Entropy
printed: S,298
44.26 J/mol (basis unstated)/K298.15α-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[6] OHNO 2006
cites Ravelo 1997
Table 2, p. 4, row 6
report
Entropy
printed: S,298
51.2 J/mol (basis unstated)/K298.15β-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[6] OHNO 2006
cites Dederichs 1981
Table 2, p. 4, row 4
report
Heat capacity
printed: CP298
24.65 J/mol (basis unstated)/K0α-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
DFT[6] OHNO 2006Table 2, p. 4, row 5
report
Heat capacity
printed: CP298
26.22 J/mol (basis unstated)/K0β-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
DFT[6] OHNO 2006Table 2, p. 4, row 3
report
Heat capacity
printed: CP298
25.79 J/mol (basis unstated)/K298.15α-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[6] OHNO 2006
cites Ravelo 1997
Table 2, p. 4, row 6
report
Heat capacity
printed: CP298
26.99 J/mol (basis unstated)/K298.15β-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[6] OHNO 2006
cites Dederichs 1981
Table 2, p. 4, row 4
report

Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy (2)

Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy, Sn system
PropertyValueT (K)Phases / compositionClassSourceLocationQuote
Gibbs energy
printed: Gm(ω)-Gm(β)
-74 J/mol0UNKNOWN
alloy: Sn 1
DFT[10] Yan 2016Table 4, p. 5, row 13
report
Gibbs energy
printed: Gm(ω)-Gm(β)
-74 J/mol0UNKNOWN
alloy: Sn 1
model[10] Yan 2016Table 4, p. 5, row 14
report

Crystal structure (51)

Crystal structure, Sn system
PropertyValueT (K)Phases / compositionClassSourceLocationQuote
Lattice a5.42 Å0(Sn-α)
(Sn-α): Sn 1
DFT[11] Kali-Ali 2017Table 1, p. 3, row 30
report
Lattice a5.83 Å(Sn-β)
(Sn-β): Sn 1
experimental[11] Kali-Ali 2017
cites Wolcyrz 1981
Table 1, p. 3, row 31
report
Lattice a5.94 Å0(Sn-β)
(Sn-β): Sn 1
DFT[11] Kali-Ali 2017Table 1, p. 3, row 32
report
Lattice a5.9704 Å(βSn)
alloy: Sn 1
unspecified[12] Tang 2012Table 4, p. 5, row 13
report
Lattice a
printed: a
5.964 Å0A5-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
DFT[5] Berche 2016Table 2, p. 4, row 3
report
Lattice a6.4892 Å13 (<)(αSn)
alloy: Sn 1
unspecified[13] Kozlov 2008Table 1, p. 4, row 5
report
Lattice a6.4892 Å13 (<)(αSn)
(αSn): Sn 1
unspecified[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 2
Table 4, p. 5, row 4
report
Lattice a5.8316 Å122.484(βSn)
(βSn): Sn 1
unspecified[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 1
Table 4, p. 5, row 3
report
Lattice a5.8318 Å122.485(βSn)
alloy: Sn 1
unspecified[13] Kozlov 2008Table 1, p. 4, row 4
report
Lattice a6.4892 Å286.2 (<)(αSn)
(αSn): Sn 1
model[14] Yen 2003Table 3, p. 6, row 4
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Lattice a6.4892 Å293.15(αSn)
(αSn): Sn 1
unspecified[1] Sheldon 1987Table 3, p. 3, row 2
report
Lattice a5.43 Å298.15(Sn-α)
(Sn-α): Sn 1
unspecified[11] Kali-Ali 2017
cites Tsukeva 1989 doi
Table 1, p. 3, row 29
report
Lattice a6.4892 Å298.15(αSn)
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[15] Qin 2014
cites Thewlis 1954
Table 2, p. 3, row 3
report
Lattice a6.4892 Å298.15(αSn)
alloy: Sn 1
model[12] Tang 2012
cites Massalski 1986
Table 4, p. 5, row 14
report
Lattice a5.8315 Å298.15(βSn)
(βSn): Sn 1
unspecified[1] Sheldon 1987Table 3, p. 3, row 1
report
Lattice a5.8326 Å298.15(βSn)
alloy: Sn 1
model[12] Tang 2012
cites King 1981 doi
Table 4, p. 5, row 12
report
Lattice a5.8316 Å298.15(βSn)
alloy: Sn 1
model[15] Qin 2014
cites King 1981
Table 2, p. 3, row 2
report
Lattice a5.83 Å298.15bct-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[16] Zhou 2014
cites Villars 2004 doi
Table 2, p. 4, row 4
report
Lattice a5.93 Å298.15bct-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
DFT[16] Zhou 2014
cites Arroyave 2006 doi
Table 2, p. 4, row 5
report
Lattice a5.933 Å298.15bct-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
DFT[16] Zhou 2014Table 2, p. 4, row 6
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Lattice a5.829 Å298.15βSn
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[17] Dong 2013
cites Franceschi 1988 doi
Table 1, p. 2, row 14
report
Lattice a5.7998 Å298.15βSn
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[18] Li 2014
cites Helfrich 1964 doi
Table 5, p. 4, row 9
report
Lattice a5.8317 Å395.634(βSn)
(βSn): Sn 1
model[14] Yen 2003Table 3, p. 6, row 2
report
Lattice b5.42 Å0(Sn-α)
(Sn-α): Sn 1
DFT[11] Kali-Ali 2017Table 1, p. 3, row 30
report
Lattice b5.83 Å(Sn-β)
(Sn-β): Sn 1
experimental[11] Kali-Ali 2017
cites Wolcyrz 1981
Table 1, p. 3, row 31
report
Lattice b5.49 Å0(Sn-β)
(Sn-β): Sn 1
DFT[11] Kali-Ali 2017Table 1, p. 3, row 32
report
Lattice b5.43 Å298.15(Sn-α)
(Sn-α): Sn 1
unspecified[11] Kali-Ali 2017
cites Tsukeva 1989 doi
Table 1, p. 3, row 29
report
Lattice c5.42 Å0(Sn-α)
(Sn-α): Sn 1
DFT[11] Kali-Ali 2017Table 1, p. 3, row 30
report
Lattice c3.18 Å(Sn-β)
(Sn-β): Sn 1
experimental[11] Kali-Ali 2017
cites Wolcyrz 1981
Table 1, p. 3, row 31
report
Lattice c3.21 Å0(Sn-β)
(Sn-β): Sn 1
DFT[11] Kali-Ali 2017Table 1, p. 3, row 32
report
Lattice c3.1824 Å(βSn)
alloy: Sn 1
unspecified[12] Tang 2012Table 4, p. 5, row 13
report
Lattice c
printed: c
3.194 Å0A5-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
DFT[5] Berche 2016Table 2, p. 4, row 3
report
Lattice c3.1815 Å122.484(βSn)
(βSn): Sn 1
unspecified[7] Anderson 1992
cites ref. 1
Table 4, p. 5, row 3
report
Lattice c3.1818 Å122.485(βSn)
alloy: Sn 1
unspecified[13] Kozlov 2008Table 1, p. 4, row 4
report
Lattice c5.43 Å298.15(Sn-α)
(Sn-α): Sn 1
unspecified[11] Kali-Ali 2017
cites Tsukeva 1989 doi
Table 1, p. 3, row 29
report
Lattice c3.1814 Å298.15(βSn)
(βSn): Sn 1
unspecified[1] Sheldon 1987Table 3, p. 3, row 1
report
Lattice c3.1821 Å298.15(βSn)
alloy: Sn 1
model[12] Tang 2012
cites King 1981 doi
Table 4, p. 5, row 12
report
Lattice c3.1815 Å298.15(βSn)
alloy: Sn 1
model[15] Qin 2014
cites King 1981
Table 2, p. 3, row 2
report
Lattice c3.184 Å298.15bct-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[16] Zhou 2014
cites Villars 2004 doi
Table 2, p. 4, row 4
report
Lattice c3.23 Å298.15bct-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
DFT[16] Zhou 2014
cites Arroyave 2006 doi
Table 2, p. 4, row 5
report
Lattice c3.202 Å298.15bct-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
DFT[16] Zhou 2014Table 2, p. 4, row 6
report
Lattice c3.18 Å298.15βSn
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[17] Dong 2013
cites Franceschi 1988 doi
Table 1, p. 2, row 14
report
Lattice c3.1642 Å298.15βSn
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[18] Li 2014
cites Helfrich 1964 doi
Table 5, p. 4, row 9
report
Lattice c3.1813 Å395.634(βSn)
(βSn): Sn 1
model[14] Yen 2003Table 3, p. 6, row 2
report
Molar volume16.98 cm3/molL
alloy: Sn 1
model[19] Ohtani 1995
cites Karakaya 1988 doi
Table 3, p. 2, row 6
report
Molar volume16.555 cm3/molγ
alloy: Sn 1
model[19] Ohtani 1995
cites Karakaya 1988 doi
Table 3, p. 2, row 7
report
Molar volume16.855 cm3/molδ
alloy: Sn 1
model[19] Ohtani 1995
cites Karakaya 1988 doi
Table 3, p. 2, row 8
report
Molar volume16.548 cm3/molε
alloy: Sn 1
model[19] Ohtani 1995
cites Karakaya 1988 doi
Table 3, p. 2, row 9
report
lattice beta90 °298.15βSn
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[18] Li 2014
cites Helfrich 1964 doi
Table 5, p. 4, row 9
report
volume
printed: V
28.423 Å3/atom0bct-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
model[16] Zhou 2014Table 3, p. 4, row 3
report
volume
printed: V
27.055 Å3/atombct-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[16] Zhou 2014
cites Vaidya 1970
Table 3, p. 4, row 4
report

Other property (2)

Other property, Sn system
PropertyValueT (K)Phases / compositionClassSourceLocationQuote
bulk modulus
printed: B
47.686 GPa0bct-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
model[16] Zhou 2014Table 3, p. 4, row 3
report
bulk modulus
printed: B
58 GPabct-Sn
alloy: Sn 1
experimental[16] Zhou 2014
cites Vaidya 1970
Table 3, p. 4, row 4
report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

  1. R. I. Sheldon, E. M. Foltyn, D. E. Peterson, The Sn-U (Tin-Uranium) system, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 8, 347-352 (1987). doi:10.1007/bf02869271
  2. Vincent Grolier, Rainer Schmid-Fetzer, Thermodynamic analysis of the Pt–Sn system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 450, 264-271 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.11.027
  3. Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020). doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945
  4. Nihad Subasic, Thermodynamic evaluation of Sn-Zr phase diagram, Calphad 22, 157-165 (1998). doi:10.1016/s0364-5916(98)00021-2
  5. A. Berche, J.C. Tédenac, P. Jund, Phase diagram and enthalpy of formation of Hf-Ni-Sn, Computational Materials Science 125, 271-277 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2016.08.042
  6. M OHNO, A KOZLOV, R ARROYAVE, Z LIU, R SCHMIDFETZER, Thermodynamic modeling of the Ca–Sn system based on finite temperature quantities from first-principles and experiment, Acta Materialia 54, 4939-4951 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2006.06.017
  7. T. J. Anderson, I. Ansara, The Ga-Sn (gallium-tin) system, JPE 13, 181-189 (1992). doi:10.1007/bf02667485
  8. Adela Zemanova, Ales Kroupa, Alan Dinsdale, Theoretical assessment of the Ni–Sn system, Monatsh Chem 143, 1255-1261 (2012). doi:10.1007/s00706-012-0778-5
  9. J. Charles, J. J. Kuntz, J. C. Gachon, L. Perring, A thermodynamic assessment of the ruthenium-tin (Ru-Sn) system, JPE 20, 573-580 (1999). doi:10.1361/105497199770340563
  10. Jia-Yi Yan, G.B. Olson, Computational thermodynamics and kinetics of displacive transformations in titanium-based alloys, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 673, 441-454 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.02.251
  11. F. Kali-Ali, Y. Djaballah, S. Triaa, Ş. Uğur, A. Belgacem-Bouzida, M. Drir et al., Ab-Initio Calculations and Thermodynamic Description of the Yb-Cd and Yb-Sn Systems, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 38, 665-675 (2017). doi:10.1007/s11669-017-0588-x
  12. Cai Tang, Biao Hu, Yong Du, Dongdong Zhao, Peng Zhou, Feng Zheng et al., Thermodynamic modeling of the Hf–Sn and Sn–Y systems, Calphad 39, 91-96 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2012.09.003
  13. A. Kozlov, M. Ohno, R. Arroyave, Z.K. Liu, R. Schmid-Fetzer, Phase equilibria, thermodynamics and solidification microstructures of Mg–Sn–Ca alloys, Part 1: Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modeling of the ternary Mg–Sn–Ca system, Intermetallics 16, 299-315 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2007.10.010
  14. Yee-Wen Yen, Joachim Gröbner, Rainer Schmid-Fetzer, Yee-Wen Yen, Steve C. Hansen, Thermodynamic assessment of the Hg-Sn system, JPE 24, 151-167 (2003). doi:10.1361/105497103770330776
  15. Aning Qin, Rong Wang, Yaru Wang, Jiong Wang, Shuhong Liu, Kaiming Cheng et al., Thermodynamic assessment of the Cd–X (X=Sn, Mn, Fe) systems, Calphad 47, 83-91 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.06.006
  16. Bi-Cheng Zhou, Shun-Li Shang, Zi-Kui Liu, First-principles calculations and thermodynamic modeling of the Sn−Sr and Mg−Sn−Sr systems, Calphad 46, 237-248 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.04.003
  17. H.Q. Dong, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, V. Vuorinen, M. Paulasto-Kröckel, Thermodynamic modeling of Au–Ce–Sn ternary system, Calphad 42, 38-50 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2013.07.013
  18. D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002
  19. H. Ohtani, K. Okuda, K. Ishida, Thermodynamic study of phase equilibria in the Pb-Sn-Sb system, JPE 16, 416-429 (1995). doi:10.1007/bf02645349