Thermodynamic assessment of the copper-oxygen system

B. Hallstedt, D. Risold, L. J. Gauckler

Journal of Phase Equilibria 15 (5) 483-499 (1994) · Springer Science and Business Media LLC

DOI: 10.1007/bf02649399

Data: JSON record · id doi:10.1007/bf02649399 · metadata: crossref

Roles in ORCHID

• read by ORCHID (values extracted): 420 released values
• cited as the original source of values
• assessment behind a TDB file: CuO-94Hal.tdb (Cu–O)
• original evaluation behind an assessed (handbook) diagram: Cu–O

Systems

Cu, Cu–O, C–Cu–Fe–H–Ni–O

Evidence in ORCHID

420 values read from this paper (406 accepted), from 11 tables and 11 text passages.

7 values in 1 other papers cite this work as their source.

Phase-registry phases citing it: phase:cu-o:bcc-a2, phase:cu-o:c3-cuprite, phase:cu-o:cu4o3, phase:cu-o:cuo, phase:cu-o:fcc-a1, phase:cu-o:gas, phase:cu-o:hcp-a3, phase:cu-o:ion, phase:cu-o:liquid, phase:cu-o:o2gas

Availability

Read by ORCHID: yes (values_extracted, full_text_screened_for_origin). Open-access licence (Crossref license field): none deposited. Crossref is-referenced-by count: 109 (retrieved 2026-10-23).

Relations

Cited by (Crossref reference lists) (25)

• The bismuth-oxygen system (1995) [crossref_reference_list]
• Phase Equilibria Studies of Cu-O-Si Systems in Equilibrium with Air and Metallic Copper and Cu-Me-O-Si Systems (Me = Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe) in Equilibrium with Metallic Copper (2012) [crossref_reference_list]
• Assessment of the Mn-O system (2003) [crossref_reference_list]
• Critical assessment and thermodynamic modeling of the Cu–O and Cu–O–S systems (2012) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamic evaluation of the copper-rich part of the CuHOSP system at low temperatures (2014) [crossref_reference_list]
• The SGTE collection of binary datasets (2025) [crossref_reference_list]
• Phase equilibria study of Cu–O–ZnO system in various oxygen partial pressures (2016) [crossref_reference_list]
• Experimental phase equilibria of the system Cu–O–CaO–Al 2 O 3 in air (2016) [crossref_reference_list]
• Experimental and thermodynamic assessment of the fluoride-rich region in the Cu-O-F system (2018) [crossref_reference_list]
• Revision of the thermodynamic descriptions of the Cu–O, Ag–O, Ag–Cu–O, Bi–Sr–O, Bi–Ca–O, Bi–Cu–O, Sr–Cu–O, Ca–Cu–O and Sr–Ca–Cu–O systems (2003) [crossref_reference_list]
• A reassessment of the CaFeO system (1996) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of CuCrO ₂ and CuCr ₂ O ₄ : Experimental Investigation and Phase Equilibria Modeling of the Cu–Cr–O System (2021) [crossref_reference_list]
• Y–O–S and Ce–O–S equilibria in liquid copper (2026) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamic Assessment of the Strontium–Copper–Oxygen System (1997) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamic Modeling and Calculation of Phase Equilibria in the Strontium–Calcium–CopperOxygen System at Ambient Pressure (1997) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamic Assessment of the Silver–Oxygen System (1997) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamic Optimization of the Silver—Bismuth—Strontium—Calcium—Copper—Oxygen (Ag‐Bi‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O) System (2000) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamic assessment of the lanthanum-oxygen system (2001) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamic assessment of the Co-O system (2003) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamic assessment of the Ag-Cu-O system (1998) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamic assessment of the ternary Cu–Pb–O system (2005) [crossref_reference_list]
• Etude expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique de systèmes de delafossites à base de cuivre (2026) [crossref_reference_list]
• Cr-Cu-O Ternary Phase Diagram Evaluation (2013) [crossref_reference_list]
• Cu-O-V Ternary Phase Diagram Evaluation (2013) [crossref_reference_list]
• Cu-Ge-O Ternary Phase Diagram Evaluation (2016) [crossref_reference_list]

References (Crossref, publisher-deposited) (44)

• Über die Löslichkeitsprodukte der Oxyde und des Hydroxyds von Kupfer und über die Löslichkeit von Kupferhydroxyd in Natronlauge (1944) [crossref_reference_list]
• Löslichkeitsprodukte von Metalloxiden und ‐hydroxiden. 10. Mitteilung. Löslichkeitsprodukte von Zinkoxid, Kupferhydroxid und Kupferoxid in Abhängigkeit von Teilchengrösse und molarer Oberfläche. Ein Beitrag zur Thermodynamik von Grenzflächen fest‐flüssig (1965) [crossref_reference_list]
• Unmittelbare elektrochemische Ermittlung des Sauerstoffgehaltes von Metallschmelzen (1966) [crossref_reference_list]
• Die Eignung fester Metall-Metalloxid-Gemische als Bezugspotentiale in Sauerstoffmeßzellen (1970) [crossref_reference_list]
• Kupfer und Sauerstoff (1904) [crossref_reference_list]
• Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. 61. Bau und Verwendung eines Hochtemperaturkalorimeters mit geschlossenem Reaktionsraum (1934) [crossref_reference_list]
• Elektrochemische Untersuchung der Reduktionsgleichgewichte von Metalloxyden (1958) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamic data from redox reactions at high temperatures. I. An experimental and theoretical assessment of the electrochemical method using stabilized zirconia electrolytes, with revised values for the Fe-?FeO?, Co-CoO, Ni-NiO and Cu-Cu2O oxygen buffers, and new data for the W-WO2 buffer (1993) [crossref_reference_list]
• The diffusivity and solubility of oxygen in liquid copper and liquid silver from electrochemical measurements (1973) [crossref_reference_list]
• A thermodynamic analysis of the Cu-O system with an associated solution model (1983) [crossref_reference_list]
• Equilibrium relations in the system nickel oxide-copper oxide (1979) [crossref_reference_list]
• On the thermodynamics of oxygen in molten copper, Cu-Sn, and Cu-Ag alloys (1970) [crossref_reference_list]
• Elektrochemische messung der sauerstoffaktivität in flüssingem kupfer (1966) [crossref_reference_list]
• Measurements of standard molar Gibbs energies of formation of NiO, Cu2O, and CoO from solid and liquid metals and oxygen gas by an e.m.f. method at high temperatures (1979) [crossref_reference_list]
• Determination of the standard Gibbs energy of formation of Rh2O3(s) and IrO2(s) from solid oxide electrolyte electromotive force measurements (1985) [crossref_reference_list]
• The Thermo-Calc databank system (1985) [crossref_reference_list]
• Modification of the two-sublattice model for liquids (1991) [crossref_reference_list]
• SGTE data for pure elements (1991) [crossref_reference_list]
• THE HEAT CAPACITY OF CUPROUS OXIDE FROM 2.8 TO 21°K.¹ (1962) [crossref_reference_list]
• Low Temperature Heat Capacities of Inorganic Solids. XVI. Heat Capacity of Cupric Oxide from 15 to 300 °K.¹ (1953) [crossref_reference_list]
• Low Temperature Heat Capacities of Inorganic Solids. IX. Heat Capacity and Thermodynamic Properties of Cuprous Oxide from 14 to 300°K.¹ (1951) [crossref_reference_list]
• The Equilibria of Cupric Hydroxysalts in Mixed Aqueous Solutions of Cupric and Alkali Salts at 25° (1949) [crossref_reference_list]
• OXIDE CELLS OF CADMIUM, COPPER, TIN AND LEAD¹ (1929) [crossref_reference_list]
• THE SYSTEM COPPER: CUPRIC OXIDE: OXYGEN. (1921) [crossref_reference_list]
• ON THE DISSOCIATION PRESSURES OF CERTAIN OXIDES OF COPPER, COBALT, NICKEL AND ANTIMONY. (1908) [crossref_reference_list]
• LXI.—Affinity relations of cupric oxide and of cupric hydroxide (1910) [crossref_reference_list]
• Remarques sur la solidification du cuivre (1906) [crossref_reference_list]
• JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 1982 Supplement (1982) [crossref_reference_list]
• Magnetic phase transitions in cupric oxide (1988) [crossref_reference_list]
• An investigation of the dissociation pressures and melting points of the system Copper-cuprous oxide (1912) [crossref_reference_list]
• III. Investigations of the specific heat of solid bodies (1865) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria in the Sr─Cu─O System (1992) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamic Properties of the Oxides of Fe, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Mn, by EMF Measurements (1968) [crossref_reference_list]
• Free Energy of Formation of Cupric Oxide (1967) [crossref_reference_list]
• Activity of oxygen in dilute liquid Cu–O alloys (1979) [crossref_reference_list]
• Use of Thermal Conductivity Gas Analysis for Thermodynamic Measurements on the Dissociation of CuO, Mn₂O₃and MnO₂ (1967) [crossref_reference_list]
• Determination of oxygen in copper with an emf probe (1971) [crossref_reference_list]
• The thermodynamic properties of oxygen in liquid copper-iron alloys (1973) [crossref_reference_list]
• The thermodynamics of dilute liquid copper alloys (1974) [crossref_reference_list]
• Dissociation Pressures of Various Metallic Oxides (1968) [crossref_reference_list]
• EMK-Messungen an flüssigem Kupfer im Gleichgewicht mit festem oder flüssigem Kupfer(I)-oxid (1966) [crossref_reference_list]
• Determination of Oxygen in Molten Copper and Copper-Tin Alloy by the EMF Method (1970) [crossref_reference_list]
• Measurements of Standard Free Energies of Formation of Various Oxides by E.M.F. Method with Solid Oxide Electrolyte at Low Temperatures (1980) [crossref_reference_list]
• Thermodynamic Study of Oxygen in Liquid Copper (1980) [crossref_reference_list]

Cited for values by (1)

• Thermodynamic assessment of the Co-O system (2003) — 7 values [orchid_extraction]

Cites (values carry this citation) (39)

• A thermodynamic analysis of the Cu-O system with an associated solution model (1983) — 12 values [orchid_extraction]
• THE SYSTEM COPPER: CUPRIC OXIDE: OXYGEN. (1921) — 6 values [orchid_extraction]
• Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria in the Sr─Cu─O System (1992) — 6 values [orchid_extraction]
• Modification of the two-sublattice model for liquids (1991) — 5 values [orchid_extraction]
• Thermodynamic Study of Oxygen in Liquid Copper (1980) — 5 values [orchid_extraction]
• Die Eignung fester Metall-Metalloxid-Gemische als Bezugspotentiale in Sauerstoffmeßzellen (1970) — 4 values [orchid_extraction]
• Measurements of standard molar Gibbs energies of formation of NiO, Cu2O, and CoO from solid and liquid metals and oxygen gas by an e.m.f. method at high temperatures (1979) — 4 values [orchid_extraction]
• Thermodynamic Properties of the Oxides of Fe, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Mn, by EMF Measurements (1968) — 4 values [orchid_extraction]
• Activity of oxygen in dilute liquid Cu–O alloys (1979) — 4 values [orchid_extraction]
• Dissociation Pressures of Various Metallic Oxides (1968) — 4 values [orchid_extraction]
• OXIDE CELLS OF CADMIUM, COPPER, TIN AND LEAD¹ (1929) — 3 values [orchid_extraction]
• An investigation of the dissociation pressures and melting points of the system Copper-cuprous oxide (1912) — 3 values [orchid_extraction]
• Coulometrische Bestimmung der Mischungslücke zwischen flüssigem Kupfer und Kupfer(I)-oxid (1968) — 3 values [orchid_extraction]
• Kupfer und Sauerstoff (1904) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Elektrochemische Untersuchung der Reduktionsgleichgewichte von Metalloxyden (1958) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• The diffusivity and solubility of oxygen in liquid copper and liquid silver from electrochemical measurements (1973) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Equilibrium relations in the system nickel oxide-copper oxide (1979) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• On the thermodynamics of oxygen in molten copper, Cu-Sn, and Cu-Ag alloys (1970) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Elektrochemische messung der sauerstoffaktivität in flüssingem kupfer (1966) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Determination of the standard Gibbs energy of formation of Rh2O3(s) and IrO2(s) from solid oxide electrolyte electromotive force measurements (1985) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Low Temperature Heat Capacities of Inorganic Solids. XVI. Heat Capacity of Cupric Oxide from 15 to 300 °K.¹ (1953) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Low Temperature Heat Capacities of Inorganic Solids. IX. Heat Capacity and Thermodynamic Properties of Cuprous Oxide from 14 to 300°K.¹ (1951) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• ON THE DISSOCIATION PRESSURES OF CERTAIN OXIDES OF COPPER, COBALT, NICKEL AND ANTIMONY. (1908) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• III. Investigations of the specific heat of solid bodies (1865) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Free Energy of Formation of Cupric Oxide (1967) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Determination of oxygen in copper with an emf probe (1971) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• The thermodynamic properties of oxygen in liquid copper-iron alloys (1973) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• The thermodynamics of dilute liquid copper alloys (1974) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Determination of Oxygen in Molten Copper and Copper-Tin Alloy by the EMF Method (1970) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Thermodynamic Study of the Liquid Cu-O System (1978) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Measurements of Standard Free Energies of Formation of Various Oxides by E.M.F. Method with Solid Oxide Electrolyte at Low Temperatures (1980) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Über die Löslichkeitsprodukte der Oxyde und des Hydroxyds von Kupfer und über die Löslichkeit von Kupferhydroxyd in Natronlauge (1944) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• Löslichkeitsprodukte von Metalloxiden und ‐hydroxiden. 10. Mitteilung. Löslichkeitsprodukte von Zinkoxid, Kupferhydroxid und Kupferoxid in Abhängigkeit von Teilchengrösse und molarer Oberfläche. Ein Beitrag zur Thermodynamik von Grenzflächen fest‐flüssig (1965) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• THE HEAT CAPACITY OF CUPROUS OXIDE FROM 2.8 TO 21°K.¹ (1962) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• The Equilibria of Cupric Hydroxysalts in Mixed Aqueous Solutions of Cupric and Alkali Salts at 25° (1949) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• LXI.—Affinity relations of cupric oxide and of cupric hydroxide (1910) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• Remarques sur la solidification du cuivre (1906) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• Magnetic phase transitions in cupric oxide (1988) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• EMK-Messungen an flüssigem Kupfer im Gleichgewicht mit festem oder flüssigem Kupfer(I)-oxid (1966) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]

Reproduced by handbook diagrams (1)

• handbook:okamoto-2010:CU-O [okamoto_handbook_source_line]

TDB files modelling its system (2)

• tdb:CuO-94Hal.tdb [sgte_tdb_header]
• tdb:CuO-94Hal.tdb [orchid_literature_model_link]

Reassessed by (2)

• Thermodynamic evaluation of the copper-rich part of the CuHOSP system at low temperatures (2014) [citation+same-system]
• Revision of the thermodynamic descriptions of the Cu–O, Ag–O, Ag–Cu–O, Bi–Sr–O, Bi–Ca–O, Bi–Cu–O, Sr–Cu–O, Ca–Cu–O and Sr–Ca–Cu–O systems (2003) [citation+same-system]

Data papers used (39)

• A thermodynamic analysis of the Cu-O system with an associated solution model (1983) — 12 values [orchid_extraction]
• THE SYSTEM COPPER: CUPRIC OXIDE: OXYGEN. (1921) — 6 values [orchid_extraction]
• Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria in the Sr─Cu─O System (1992) — 6 values [orchid_extraction]
• Modification of the two-sublattice model for liquids (1991) — 5 values [orchid_extraction]
• Thermodynamic Study of Oxygen in Liquid Copper (1980) — 5 values [orchid_extraction]
• Die Eignung fester Metall-Metalloxid-Gemische als Bezugspotentiale in Sauerstoffmeßzellen (1970) — 4 values [orchid_extraction]
• Measurements of standard molar Gibbs energies of formation of NiO, Cu2O, and CoO from solid and liquid metals and oxygen gas by an e.m.f. method at high temperatures (1979) — 4 values [orchid_extraction]
• Thermodynamic Properties of the Oxides of Fe, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Mn, by EMF Measurements (1968) — 4 values [orchid_extraction]
• Activity of oxygen in dilute liquid Cu–O alloys (1979) — 4 values [orchid_extraction]
• Dissociation Pressures of Various Metallic Oxides (1968) — 4 values [orchid_extraction]
• OXIDE CELLS OF CADMIUM, COPPER, TIN AND LEAD¹ (1929) — 3 values [orchid_extraction]
• An investigation of the dissociation pressures and melting points of the system Copper-cuprous oxide (1912) — 3 values [orchid_extraction]
• Coulometrische Bestimmung der Mischungslücke zwischen flüssigem Kupfer und Kupfer(I)-oxid (1968) — 3 values [orchid_extraction]
• Kupfer und Sauerstoff (1904) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Elektrochemische Untersuchung der Reduktionsgleichgewichte von Metalloxyden (1958) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• The diffusivity and solubility of oxygen in liquid copper and liquid silver from electrochemical measurements (1973) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Equilibrium relations in the system nickel oxide-copper oxide (1979) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• On the thermodynamics of oxygen in molten copper, Cu-Sn, and Cu-Ag alloys (1970) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Elektrochemische messung der sauerstoffaktivität in flüssingem kupfer (1966) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Determination of the standard Gibbs energy of formation of Rh2O3(s) and IrO2(s) from solid oxide electrolyte electromotive force measurements (1985) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Low Temperature Heat Capacities of Inorganic Solids. XVI. Heat Capacity of Cupric Oxide from 15 to 300 °K.¹ (1953) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Low Temperature Heat Capacities of Inorganic Solids. IX. Heat Capacity and Thermodynamic Properties of Cuprous Oxide from 14 to 300°K.¹ (1951) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• ON THE DISSOCIATION PRESSURES OF CERTAIN OXIDES OF COPPER, COBALT, NICKEL AND ANTIMONY. (1908) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• III. Investigations of the specific heat of solid bodies (1865) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Free Energy of Formation of Cupric Oxide (1967) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Determination of oxygen in copper with an emf probe (1971) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• The thermodynamic properties of oxygen in liquid copper-iron alloys (1973) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• The thermodynamics of dilute liquid copper alloys (1974) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Determination of Oxygen in Molten Copper and Copper-Tin Alloy by the EMF Method (1970) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Thermodynamic Study of the Liquid Cu-O System (1978) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Measurements of Standard Free Energies of Formation of Various Oxides by E.M.F. Method with Solid Oxide Electrolyte at Low Temperatures (1980) — 2 values [orchid_extraction]
• Über die Löslichkeitsprodukte der Oxyde und des Hydroxyds von Kupfer und über die Löslichkeit von Kupferhydroxyd in Natronlauge (1944) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• Löslichkeitsprodukte von Metalloxiden und ‐hydroxiden. 10. Mitteilung. Löslichkeitsprodukte von Zinkoxid, Kupferhydroxid und Kupferoxid in Abhängigkeit von Teilchengrösse und molarer Oberfläche. Ein Beitrag zur Thermodynamik von Grenzflächen fest‐flüssig (1965) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• THE HEAT CAPACITY OF CUPROUS OXIDE FROM 2.8 TO 21°K.¹ (1962) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• The Equilibria of Cupric Hydroxysalts in Mixed Aqueous Solutions of Cupric and Alkali Salts at 25° (1949) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• LXI.—Affinity relations of cupric oxide and of cupric hydroxide (1910) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• Remarques sur la solidification du cuivre (1906) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• Magnetic phase transitions in cupric oxide (1988) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]
• EMK-Messungen an flüssigem Kupfer im Gleichgewicht mit festem oder flüssigem Kupfer(I)-oxid (1966) — 1 values [orchid_extraction]

Used in (assessments / papers that took values from it) (1)

• Thermodynamic assessment of the Co-O system (2003) — 7 values [orchid_extraction]