Bi–Ti phases

11 phases (tier A 4, tier B 1, tier C 1, liquid 1, needs_review 4); 10 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Bi–Ti system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Bi–Ti system (11)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 phase:bi-ti:a7-rhombohedral	alpha-As · A7 · hR2 · R-3m (166)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–544.54 K, x(Ti) 0–0	2	2
BCC_A2 phase:bi-ti:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 992.62–2499.73 K, x(Ti) 0.89524–1	4	2
BI2TI phase:bi-ti:bi2ti		needs_review	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–960.59 K, x(Ti) 0.33333–0.33333	5	2
BI2TI3 phase:bi-ti:bi2ti3		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1249.02 K, x(Ti) 0.6–0.6	4	1
BI3TI2 phase:bi-ti:bi3ti2		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1090.32 K, x(Ti) 0.4–0.4	0	1
BI9TI8 phase:bi-ti:bi9ti8	Sb9V8 · tP34 · P4/nmm (129)	tier B: DFT-supported (unique MP + OQMD match)	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1270.95 K, x(Ti) 0.47059–0.47059	11	2
BITI2 phase:bi-ti:biti2	BiTi2 · tI12 · I4/mmm (139)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1562.61 K, x(Ti) 0.66667–0.66667	10	2
BITI3 phase:bi-ti:biti3		needs_review	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1629.43 K, x(Ti) 0.75–0.75	7	2
FCC_A1 phase:bi-ti:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)	0	2
HCP_A3 phase:bi-ti:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1579.99 K, x(Ti) 0.99537–1	2	2
LIQUID phase:bi-ti:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 544.53–2500 K, x(Ti) 0–1	12	2

RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (Bi–Ti)

Id: phase:bi-ti:a7-rhombohedral; status assigned
Structure: alpha-As · A7 · hR2 · R-3m (166); type st:a7-alpha-as-hr2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Bi 1.0000
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–544.54 K, x(Ti) 0–0
Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-ti:a7-rhombohedral, corpus:phase:bi-ti:rhombohedral-a7
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:(Bi)
tdb: tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7

TDB models of RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiTi-13Cao.tdb: RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, type code %, sha256 00f08d653a2c924a…

44: PHASE RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 % 1 1 !
45: CONST RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 : BI : !

BiTi-14Hua.tdb: RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, type code %, sha256 6b2fb177d2031c50…

55: PHASE RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 % 1 1 !
56: CONST RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 : BI : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001 L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0 Sho Maruyama, Yuya Kado, Tetsuya Uda, Phase Diagram Investigations of the Bi-Ti System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 289-296 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase

BCC_A2 (Bi–Ti)

Id: phase:bi-ti:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 992.62–2499.73 K, x(Ti) 0.89524–1
Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-ti:bcc-a2
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:(βTi)
tdb: tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiTi-13Cao.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 00f08d653a2c924a…

34: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
35: CONST BCC_A2 : BI TI% : VA : !

BiTi-14Hua.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 6b2fb177d2031c50…

45: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
46: CONST BCC_A2 : BI TI% : VA : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001 L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013).
assessment that models this phase

BI2TI (Bi–Ti)

Id: phase:bi-ti:bi2ti; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_mp; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
Candidate (dft_oqmd): Fddd (70) — on-hull OQMD Bi2 Ti1 at x(TI)=0.3333
Candidate (literature_printed): (Bi2Ti) · ? — printed with a label mapped to this phase
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Bi2Ti) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for BI2TI: Bi2Ti
Stoichiometry: Bi 0.6667, Ti 0.3333
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–960.59 K, x(Ti) 0.33333–0.33333
Literature: 5 values (5 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-ti:bi2ti
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:Bi2Ti, paper:10.2298/jmmb130127033c:Bi2Ti
tdb: tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:BI2TI, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:BI2TI

TDB models of BI2TI (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiTi-13Cao.tdb: BI2TI, type code %, sha256 00f08d653a2c924a…

49: PHASE BI2TI % 2 2 1 !
50: CONST BI2TI : BI : TI : !

BiTi-14Hua.tdb: BI2TI, type code %, sha256 6b2fb177d2031c50…

60: PHASE BI2TI % 2 2 1 !
61: CONST BI2TI : BI : TI : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001 L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0 Sho Maruyama, Yuya Kado, Tetsuya Uda, Phase Diagram Investigations of the Bi-Ti System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 289-296 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase

BI2TI3 (Bi–Ti)

Id: phase:bi-ti:bi2ti3; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_both; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
Candidate (literature_printed): (Bi2Ti3) · ? — printed with a label mapped to this phase
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Bi2Ti3) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for BI2TI3: Bi2Ti3
Stoichiometry: Bi 0.4000, Ti 0.6000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1249.02 K, x(Ti) 0.6–0.6
Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-ti:bi2ti3
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:Bi2Ti3
tdb: tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:BI2TI3

TDB models of BI2TI3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiTi-14Hua.tdb: BI2TI3, type code %, sha256 6b2fb177d2031c50…

70: PHASE BI2TI3 % 2 2 3 !
71: CONST BI2TI3 : BI : TI : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001 L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0 Sho Maruyama, Yuya Kado, Tetsuya Uda, Phase Diagram Investigations of the Bi-Ti System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 289-296 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase

BI3TI2 (Bi–Ti)

Id: phase:bi-ti:bi3ti2; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_both; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Bi3Ti2) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for BI3TI2: Bi3Ti2
Stoichiometry: Bi 0.6000, Ti 0.4000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1090.32 K, x(Ti) 0.4–0.4
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-ti:bi3ti2
tdb: tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:BI3TI2

TDB models of BI3TI2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiTi-13Cao.tdb: BI3TI2, type code %, sha256 00f08d653a2c924a…

54: PHASE BI3TI2 % 2 3 2 !
55: CONST BI3TI2 : BI : TI : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013).
assessment that models this phase

BI9TI8 (Bi–Ti)

Id: phase:bi-ti:bi9ti8; status assigned
Structure: Sb9V8 · tP34 · P4/nmm (129); type st:sb9v8-tp34; tier B: DFT-supported (unique MP + OQMD match); confidence high
Stoichiometry: Bi 0.5294, Ti 0.4706
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1270.95 K, x(Ti) 0.47059–0.47059
Literature: 11 values (11 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-ti:bi9ti8
mp: mp:mp-aaabkkvd
oqmd: oqmd:oqmd-19247
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:Bi9Ti8, paper:10.2298/jmmb130127033c:Bi9Ti8
tdb: tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:BI9TI8, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:BI9TI8

TDB models of BI9TI8 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiTi-13Cao.tdb: BI9TI8, type code %, sha256 00f08d653a2c924a…

59: PHASE BI9TI8 % 2 9 8 !
60: CONST BI9TI8 : BI : TI : !

BiTi-14Hua.tdb: BI9TI8, type code %, sha256 6b2fb177d2031c50…

65: PHASE BI9TI8 % 2 9 8 !
66: CONST BI9TI8 : BI : TI : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001 L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0 Sho Maruyama, Yuya Kado, Tetsuya Uda, Phase Diagram Investigations of the Bi-Ti System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 289-296 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase

BITI2 (Bi–Ti)

Id: phase:bi-ti:biti2; status assigned
Structure: BiTi2 · tI12 · I4/mmm (139); type st:biti2-ti12; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_oqmd, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Bi 0.3333, Ti 0.6667
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1562.61 K, x(Ti) 0.66667–0.66667
Literature: 10 values (10 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-ti:biti2
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:BiTi2, paper:10.2298/jmmb130127033c:BiTi2
tdb: tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:BITI2, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:BITI2

TDB models of BITI2 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiTi-13Cao.tdb: BITI2, type code %, sha256 00f08d653a2c924a…

64: PHASE BITI2 % 2 1 2 !
65: CONST BITI2 : BI : TI : !

BiTi-14Hua.tdb: BITI2, type code %, sha256 6b2fb177d2031c50…

75: PHASE BITI2 % 2 1 2 !
76: CONST BITI2 : BI : TI : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001 L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0 Sho Maruyama, Yuya Kado, Tetsuya Uda, Phase Diagram Investigations of the Bi-Ti System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 289-296 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase

BITI3 (Bi–Ti)

Id: phase:bi-ti:biti3; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_mp; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
Candidate (dft_oqmd): Pm-3n (223) — on-hull OQMD Bi1 Ti3 at x(TI)=0.7500
Candidate (literature_printed): (BiTi3) · t** — printed with a label mapped to this phase
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (BiTi3) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for BITI3: BiTi3
Stoichiometry: Bi 0.2500, Ti 0.7500
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1629.43 K, x(Ti) 0.75–0.75
Literature: 7 values (7 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-ti:biti3
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:BiTi3, paper:10.2298/jmmb130127033c:BiTi3
tdb: tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:BITI3, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:BITI3

TDB models of BITI3 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiTi-13Cao.tdb: BITI3, type code %, sha256 00f08d653a2c924a…

69: PHASE BITI3 % 2 1 3 !
70: CONST BITI3 : BI : TI : !

BiTi-14Hua.tdb: BITI3, type code %, sha256 6b2fb177d2031c50…

80: PHASE BITI3 % 2 1 3 !
81: CONST BITI3 : BI : TI : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001 L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase

FCC_A1 (Bi–Ti)

Id: phase:bi-ti:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-ti:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiTi-13Cao.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 00f08d653a2c924a…

29: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
30: CONST FCC_A1 : BI TI : VA : !

BiTi-14Hua.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 6b2fb177d2031c50…

40: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
41: CONST FCC_A1 : BI TI : VA : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001 L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013).
assessment that models this phase

HCP_A3 (Bi–Ti)

Id: phase:bi-ti:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1579.99 K, x(Ti) 0.99537–1
Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-ti:hcp-a3
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:(αTi)
tdb: tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiTi-13Cao.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 00f08d653a2c924a…

39: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
40: CONST HCP_A3 : BI TI% : VA: !

BiTi-14Hua.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 6b2fb177d2031c50…

50: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
51: CONST HCP_A3 : BI TI% : VA: !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001 L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (Bi–Ti)

Id: phase:bi-ti:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 544.53–2500 K, x(Ti) 0–1
Literature: 12 values (12 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:bi-ti:liquid
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:L, paper:10.2298/jmmb130127033c:Liquid
tdb: tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

BiTi-13Cao.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 00f08d653a2c924a…

24: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
25: CONST LIQUID:L : BI TI : !

BiTi-14Hua.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 6b2fb177d2031c50…

35: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
36: CONST LIQUID:L : BI TI : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001 L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0 Sho Maruyama, Yuya Kado, Tetsuya Uda, Phase Diagram Investigations of the Bi-Ti System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 289-296 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}