C–Mn phases

13 phases (tier A 8, tier C 3, liquid 1, needs_review 1); 12 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · C–Mn system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the C–Mn system (13)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
DIAMOND_A4 phase:c-mn:a4-diamond	C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 5 calculated diagram(s)	0	5
GRAPHITE_A9 phase:c-mn:a9-graphite	C (graphite) · A9 · hP4 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–4000 K, x(C) 1–1	0	5
BCC_A2 phase:c-mn:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1366.06–2594 K, x(C) 0–0.00201	4	5
CBCC_A12 phase:c-mn:cbcc-a12	alpha-Mn · A12 · cI58 · I-43m (217)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1184.9 K, x(C) 0–0.08007	18	5
CEMENTITE_D011 phase:c-mn:cementite-d011	Fe3C · D0_11 · oP16 · Pnma (62)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1240.92–1324.97 K, x(C) 0.25–0.25	22	5
CUB_A13 phase:c-mn:cub-a13	beta-Mn · A13 · cP20 · P4_132 (213)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 980.01–1359.99 K, x(C) 0–0.02689	4	5
M7C3_D101 phase:c-mn:d101-m7c3	Cr7C3 · D10_1 · oP40 · Pnma (62)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1605.75 K, x(C) 0.3–0.3	24	5
M23C6_D84 phase:c-mn:d84-m23c6	Cr23C6 · D8_4 · cF116 · Fm-3m (225)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1307.27 K, x(C) 0.2069–0.2069	25	5
FCC_A1 phase:c-mn:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1024.34–1522.7 K, x(C) 0–0.13856	4	5
HCP_A3 phase:c-mn:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1580.74 K, x(C) 0.1288–0.33333	4	5
LIQUID phase:c-mn:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1486.59–4000 K, x(C) 0–0.84637	15	5
M5C2 phase:c-mn:m5c2	Mn5C2 · mC28 · C2/c (15)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1444.17 K, x(C) 0.28571–0.28571	25	5
MN15C4 phase:c-mn:mn15c4		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1120.65–1271.3 K, x(C) 0.21053–0.21053	0	1

DIAMOND_A4 (C–Mn)

Id: phase:c-mn:a4-diamond; status assigned
Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type st:a4-c-diamond-cf8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: C 1.0000
Stability: not stable in 5 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:c-mn:a4-diamond
tdb: tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:DIAMOND_A4

TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MnC-10Dju.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 9389526bde1e09c7…

51: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
52: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !

MnC-18Tan.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 43925e90f0ef596d…

56: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
57: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !

MnC-19Mie.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 9338497d5733e945…

52: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
53: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !

MnC-89Lee.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 1a3508033169fb38…

55: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
56: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !

MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 6ed68a57bf41b8a1…

56: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
57: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2 B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002 Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006 F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).
assessment that models this phase

GRAPHITE_A9 (C–Mn)

Id: phase:c-mn:a9-graphite; status assigned
Structure: C (graphite) · A9 · hP4 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a9-c-graphite-hp4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: C 1.0000
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–4000 K, x(C) 1–1
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:c-mn:a9-graphite, corpus:phase:c-mn:graphite-a9
tdb: tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9

TDB models of GRAPHITE_A9 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MnC-10Dju.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 9389526bde1e09c7…

56: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
57: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

MnC-18Tan.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 43925e90f0ef596d…

61: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
62: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

MnC-19Mie.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 9338497d5733e945…

57: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
58: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

MnC-89Lee.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 1a3508033169fb38…

60: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
61: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 6ed68a57bf41b8a1…

61: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
62: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2 B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002 Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006 F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).
assessment that models this phase

BCC_A2 (C–Mn)

Id: phase:c-mn:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1366.06–2594 K, x(C) 0–0.00201
Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:c-mn:bcc-a2
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:δ-Mn
tdb: tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MnC-10Dju.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 9389526bde1e09c7…

31: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
32: CONST BCC_A2 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-18Tan.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 43925e90f0ef596d…

36: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
37: CONST BCC_A2 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-19Mie.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 9338497d5733e945…

32: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
33: CONST BCC_A2 : MN C : VA : !

MnC-89Lee.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 1a3508033169fb38…

35: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
36: CONST BCC_A2 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 6ed68a57bf41b8a1…

36: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
37: CONST BCC_A2 : MN : C VA% : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002 Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2 B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006 F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.3139/146.101563 Jo Fenstad, Johan Kr. Tuset, Detailed phase diagram mapping: T–X data for solidi and liquidi of the alloy system manganese–carbon, International Journal of Materials Research 98, 970-975 (2007).
cited as the source of values for this phase

CBCC_A12 (C–Mn)

Id: phase:c-mn:cbcc-a12; status assigned
Structure: alpha-Mn · A12 · cI58 · I-43m (217); type st:a12-alpha-mn-ci58; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1184.9 K, x(C) 0–0.08007
Literature: 18 values (18 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (8): corpus: corpus:phase:c-mn:cbcc-a12
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:α-Mn, paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:ε-Mn
tdb: tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:CBCC_A12, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:CBCC_A12, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:CBCC_A12, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:CBCC_A12, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:CBCC_A12

TDB models of CBCC_A12 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MnC-10Dju.tdb: CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 9389526bde1e09c7…

41: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 !
42: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-18Tan.tdb: CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 43925e90f0ef596d…

46: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 !
47: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-19Mie.tdb: CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 9338497d5733e945…

42: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 !
43: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-89Lee.tdb: CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 1a3508033169fb38…

45: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 !
46: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb: CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 6ed68a57bf41b8a1…

46: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 !
47: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : C VA% : !

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002 Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2 B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006 F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02665426 Robert Benz, John F. Elliott, John Chipman, Thermodynamics of the solid phases in the system Fe−Mn−C, Metall Trans 4, 1975-1986 (1973).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1002/srin.193500743 Rudolf Vogel, Werner Döring, Das System Eisen-Zementit-Mangankarbid-Mangan, Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen 9, 247-252 (1935).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02655933 Du Sichen, S. Seetharaman, L. -I. Staffansson, Some phase-diagram aspects of the manganese-carbon system, Metall Trans B 20, 747-754 (1989).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.3139/146.101563 Jo Fenstad, Johan Kr. Tuset, Detailed phase diagram mapping: T–X data for solidi and liquidi of the alloy system manganese–carbon, International Journal of Materials Research 98, 970-975 (2007).
cited as the source of values for this phase

CEMENTITE_D011 (C–Mn)

Id: phase:c-mn:cementite-d011; status assigned
Structure: Fe3C · D0_11 · oP16 · Pnma (62); type st:d0-11-fe3c-op16; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: C 0.2500, Mn 0.7500
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1240.92–1324.97 K, x(C) 0.25–0.25
Literature: 22 values (22 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:c-mn:cementite-d011
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:Mn3C
tdb: tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:CEMENTITE_D011, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:CEMENTITE_D011, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:CEMENTITE_D011, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:CEMENTITE_D011, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:CEMENTITE_D011

TDB models of CEMENTITE_D011 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MnC-10Dju.tdb: CEMENTITE_D011, type code %, sha256 9389526bde1e09c7…

66: PHASE CEMENTITE_D011 % 2 3 1 !
67: CONST CEMENTITE_D011 : MN : C : !

MnC-18Tan.tdb: CEMENTITE_D011, type code %, sha256 43925e90f0ef596d…

71: PHASE CEMENTITE_D011 % 2 3 1 !
72: CONST CEMENTITE_D011 : MN : C : !

MnC-19Mie.tdb: CEMENTITE_D011, type code %, sha256 9338497d5733e945…

62: PHASE CEMENTITE_D011 % 2 3 1 !
63: CONST CEMENTITE_D011 : MN : C : !

MnC-89Lee.tdb: CEMENTITE_D011, type code %, sha256 1a3508033169fb38…

75: PHASE CEMENTITE_D011 % 2 3 1 !
76: CONST CEMENTITE_D011 : MN : C : !

MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb: CEMENTITE_D011, type code %, sha256 6ed68a57bf41b8a1…

66: PHASE CEMENTITE_D011 % 2 3 1 !
67: CONST CEMENTITE_D011 : MN : C : !

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002 Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2 B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006 F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02665426 Robert Benz, John F. Elliott, John Chipman, Thermodynamics of the solid phases in the system Fe−Mn−C, Metall Trans 4, 1975-1986 (1973).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0549 P. Karen, H. Fjellvåg, A. Kjekshus, A. F. Andresen, Lars I. Elding, I. Trabjerg, On the Phase Relations and Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Stable Manganese Carbides Mn23C6, Mn5C2 and Mn7C3., Acta Chem. Scand. 45, 549-557 (1991).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1023/b:dopc.0000025219.06217.03 A. I. Zaitsev, N. E. Zaitseva, Yu. P. Alekseeva, S. F. Dunaev, Thermodynamic Study of Manganese Carbides, Doklady Physical Chemistry 395, 94-97 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase

CUB_A13 (C–Mn)

Id: phase:c-mn:cub-a13; status assigned
Structure: beta-Mn · A13 · cP20 · P4_132 (213); type st:a13-beta-mn-cp20; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 980.01–1359.99 K, x(C) 0–0.02689
Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:c-mn:cub-a13
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:β-Mn
tdb: tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:CUB_A13, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:CUB_A13, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:CUB_A13, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:CUB_A13, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:CUB_A13

TDB models of CUB_A13 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MnC-10Dju.tdb: CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 9389526bde1e09c7…

46: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 !
47: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-18Tan.tdb: CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 43925e90f0ef596d…

51: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 !
52: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-19Mie.tdb: CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 9338497d5733e945…

47: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 !
48: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-89Lee.tdb: CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 1a3508033169fb38…

50: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 !
51: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb: CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 6ed68a57bf41b8a1…

51: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 !
52: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : C VA% : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002 Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2 B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006 F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1002/srin.193500743 Rudolf Vogel, Werner Döring, Das System Eisen-Zementit-Mangankarbid-Mangan, Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen 9, 247-252 (1935).
cited as the source of values for this phase

M7C3_D101 (C–Mn)

Id: phase:c-mn:d101-m7c3; status assigned
Structure: Cr7C3 · D10_1 · oP40 · Pnma (62); type st:d10-1-cr7c3-op40; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (unrecognised_name_tokens:M7C3); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: C 0.3000, Mn 0.7000
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1605.75 K, x(C) 0.3–0.3
Literature: 24 values (24 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (8): corpus: corpus:phase:c-mn:d101-m7c3, corpus:phase:c-mn:m7c3-d101
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:Mn7C3
tdb: tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:M7C3_D101, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:M7C3_D101, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:M7C3_D101, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:M7C3_D101, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:M7C3_D101

TDB models of M7C3_D101 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MnC-10Dju.tdb: M7C3_D101, type code %, sha256 9389526bde1e09c7…

76: PHASE M7C3_D101 % 2 7 3 !
77: CONST M7C3_D101 : MN : C : !

MnC-18Tan.tdb: M7C3_D101, type code %, sha256 43925e90f0ef596d…

81: PHASE M7C3_D101 % 2 7 3 !
82: CONST M7C3_D101 : MN : C : !

MnC-19Mie.tdb: M7C3_D101, type code %, sha256 9338497d5733e945…

67: PHASE M7C3_D101 % 2 7 3 !
68: CONST M7C3_D101 : MN : C : !

MnC-89Lee.tdb: M7C3_D101, type code %, sha256 1a3508033169fb38…

85: PHASE M7C3_D101 % 2 7 3 !
86: CONST M7C3_D101 : MN : C : !

MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb: M7C3_D101, type code %, sha256 6ed68a57bf41b8a1…

71: PHASE M7C3_D101 % 2 7 3 !
72: CONST M7C3_D101 : MN : C : !

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002 Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2 B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006 F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0549 P. Karen, H. Fjellvåg, A. Kjekshus, A. F. Andresen, Lars I. Elding, I. Trabjerg, On the Phase Relations and Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Stable Manganese Carbides Mn23C6, Mn5C2 and Mn7C3., Acta Chem. Scand. 45, 549-557 (1991).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02665426 Robert Benz, John F. Elliott, John Chipman, Thermodynamics of the solid phases in the system Fe−Mn−C, Metall Trans 4, 1975-1986 (1973).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/s0925-8388(97)00023-6 S.V. Meschel, O.J. Kleppa, Standard enthalpies of formation of some 3d transition metal carbides by high temperature reaction calorimetry, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 257, 227-233 (1997).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1023/b:dopc.0000025219.06217.03 A. I. Zaitsev, N. E. Zaitseva, Yu. P. Alekseeva, S. F. Dunaev, Thermodynamic Study of Manganese Carbides, Doklady Physical Chemistry 395, 94-97 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1088/0026-1394/43/5/n01 Y Yamada, Y Wang, N Sasajima, Metal carbide-carbon peritectic systems as high-temperature fixed points in thermometry, Metrologia 43, L23-L27 (2006).
cited as the source of values for this phase

M23C6_D84 (C–Mn)

Id: phase:c-mn:d84-m23c6; status assigned
Structure: Cr23C6 · D8_4 · cF116 · Fm-3m (225); type st:d8-4-cr23c6-cf116; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaabexac and oqmd-12616, space group 225
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (unrecognised_name_tokens:M23C6); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: C 0.2069, Mn 0.7931
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1307.27 K, x(C) 0.2069–0.2069
Literature: 25 values (25 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (10): corpus: corpus:phase:c-mn:d84-m23c6, corpus:phase:c-mn:m23c6-d84
mp: mp:mp-aaabexac
oqmd: oqmd:oqmd-12616
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:Mn23C6
tdb: tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:M23C6_D84, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:M23C6_D84, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:M23C6_D84, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:M23C6_D84, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:M23C6_D84

TDB models of M23C6_D84 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MnC-10Dju.tdb: M23C6_D84, type code %, sha256 9389526bde1e09c7…

61: PHASE M23C6_D84 % 3 20 3 6 !
62: CONST M23C6_D84 : MN : MN : C : !

MnC-18Tan.tdb: M23C6_D84, type code %, sha256 43925e90f0ef596d…

66: PHASE M23C6_D84 % 3 20 3 6 !
67: CONST M23C6_D84 : MN : MN : C : !

MnC-19Mie.tdb: M23C6_D84, type code %, sha256 9338497d5733e945…

72: PHASE M23C6_D84 % 3 20 3 6 !
73: CONST M23C6_D84 : MN : MN : C : !

MnC-89Lee.tdb: M23C6_D84, type code %, sha256 1a3508033169fb38…

65: PHASE M23C6_D84 % 3 20 3 6 !
66: CONST M23C6_D84 : MN : MN : C : !

MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb: M23C6_D84, type code %, sha256 6ed68a57bf41b8a1…

76: PHASE M23C6_D84 % 3 20 3 6 !
77: CONST M23C6_D84 : MN : MN : C : !

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002 Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2 B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006 F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02665426 Robert Benz, John F. Elliott, John Chipman, Thermodynamics of the solid phases in the system Fe−Mn−C, Metall Trans 4, 1975-1986 (1973).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02655933 Du Sichen, S. Seetharaman, L. -I. Staffansson, Some phase-diagram aspects of the manganese-carbon system, Metall Trans B 20, 747-754 (1989).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1023/b:dopc.0000025219.06217.03 A. I. Zaitsev, N. E. Zaitseva, Yu. P. Alekseeva, S. F. Dunaev, Thermodynamic Study of Manganese Carbides, Doklady Physical Chemistry 395, 94-97 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0549 P. Karen, H. Fjellvåg, A. Kjekshus, A. F. Andresen, Lars I. Elding, I. Trabjerg, On the Phase Relations and Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Stable Manganese Carbides Mn23C6, Mn5C2 and Mn7C3., Acta Chem. Scand. 45, 549-557 (1991).
cited as the source of values for this phase

FCC_A1 (C–Mn)

Id: phase:c-mn:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1024.34–1522.7 K, x(C) 0–0.13856
Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:c-mn:fcc-a1
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:γ-Mn
tdb: tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MnC-10Dju.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 9389526bde1e09c7…

26: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
27: CONST FCC_A1 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-18Tan.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 43925e90f0ef596d…

31: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
32: CONST FCC_A1 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-19Mie.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 9338497d5733e945…

27: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
28: CONST FCC_A1 : MN C : VA : !

MnC-89Lee.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 1a3508033169fb38…

30: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
31: CONST FCC_A1 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 6ed68a57bf41b8a1…

31: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
32: CONST FCC_A1 : MN : C VA% : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002 Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2 B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006 F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02655933 Du Sichen, S. Seetharaman, L. -I. Staffansson, Some phase-diagram aspects of the manganese-carbon system, Metall Trans B 20, 747-754 (1989).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02665426 Robert Benz, John F. Elliott, John Chipman, Thermodynamics of the solid phases in the system Fe−Mn−C, Metall Trans 4, 1975-1986 (1973).
cited as the source of values for this phase

HCP_A3 (C–Mn)

Id: phase:c-mn:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1580.74 K, x(C) 0.1288–0.33333
Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:c-mn:hcp-a3
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:MnC
tdb: tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MnC-10Dju.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 9389526bde1e09c7…

36: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
37: CONST HCP_A3 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-18Tan.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 43925e90f0ef596d…

41: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
42: CONST HCP_A3 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-19Mie.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 9338497d5733e945…

37: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
38: CONST HCP_A3 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-89Lee.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 1a3508033169fb38…

40: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
41: CONST HCP_A3 : MN : C VA% : !

MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 6ed68a57bf41b8a1…

41: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
42: CONST HCP_A3 : MN : C VA% : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002 Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2 B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006 F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (C–Mn)

Id: phase:c-mn:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1486.59–4000 K, x(C) 0–0.84637
Literature: 15 values (15 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:c-mn:liquid
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:L
tdb: tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MnC-10Dju.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 9389526bde1e09c7…

21: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
22: CONST LIQUID:L : C MN : !

MnC-18Tan.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 43925e90f0ef596d…

26: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
27: CONST LIQUID:L : C MN : !

MnC-19Mie.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 9338497d5733e945…

22: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
23: CONST LIQUID:L : C MN : !

MnC-89Lee.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 1a3508033169fb38…

25: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
26: CONST LIQUID:L : C MN : !

MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 6ed68a57bf41b8a1…

26: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
27: CONST LIQUID:L : C MN : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002 Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2 B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006 F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.3139/146.101563 Jo Fenstad, Johan Kr. Tuset, Detailed phase diagram mapping: T–X data for solidi and liquidi of the alloy system manganese–carbon, International Journal of Materials Research 98, 970-975 (2007).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1088/0026-1394/43/5/n01 Y Yamada, Y Wang, N Sasajima, Metal carbide-carbon peritectic systems as high-temperature fixed points in thermometry, Metrologia 43, L23-L27 (2006).
cited as the source of values for this phase

M5C2 (C–Mn)

Id: phase:c-mn:m5c2; status assigned
Structure: Mn5C2 · mC28 · C2/c (15); type st:mn5c2-mc28; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (name_has_descriptive_tokens:M5C2, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: C 0.2857, Mn 0.7143
Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1444.17 K, x(C) 0.28571–0.28571
Literature: 25 values (25 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:c-mn:m5c2
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:Mn5C2
tdb: tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:M5C2, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:M5C2, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:M5C2, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:M5C2, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:M5C2

TDB models of M5C2 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MnC-10Dju.tdb: M5C2, type code %, sha256 9389526bde1e09c7…

71: PHASE M5C2 % 2 5 2 !
72: CONST M5C2 : MN : C : !

MnC-18Tan.tdb: M5C2, type code %, sha256 43925e90f0ef596d…

76: PHASE M5C2 % 2 5 2 !
77: CONST M5C2 : MN : C : !

MnC-19Mie.tdb: M5C2, type code %, sha256 9338497d5733e945…

77: PHASE M5C2 % 2 5 2 !
78: CONST M5C2 : MN : C : !

MnC-89Lee.tdb: M5C2, type code %, sha256 1a3508033169fb38…

80: PHASE M5C2 % 2 5 2 !
81: CONST M5C2 : MN : C : !

MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb: M5C2, type code %, sha256 6ed68a57bf41b8a1…

81: PHASE M5C2 % 2 5 2 !
82: CONST M5C2 : MN : C : !

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002 Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2 B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006 F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02665426 Robert Benz, John F. Elliott, John Chipman, Thermodynamics of the solid phases in the system Fe−Mn−C, Metall Trans 4, 1975-1986 (1973).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0549 P. Karen, H. Fjellvåg, A. Kjekshus, A. F. Andresen, Lars I. Elding, I. Trabjerg, On the Phase Relations and Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Stable Manganese Carbides Mn23C6, Mn5C2 and Mn7C3., Acta Chem. Scand. 45, 549-557 (1991).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1023/b:dopc.0000025219.06217.03 A. I. Zaitsev, N. E. Zaitseva, Yu. P. Alekseeva, S. F. Dunaev, Thermodynamic Study of Manganese Carbides, Doklady Physical Chemistry 395, 94-97 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/s0925-8388(97)00023-6 S.V. Meschel, O.J. Kleppa, Standard enthalpies of formation of some 3d transition metal carbides by high temperature reaction calorimetry, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 257, 227-233 (1997).
cited as the source of values for this phase

MN15C4 (C–Mn)

Id: phase:c-mn:mn15c4; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_both; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Mn15C4) · hP57 — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for MN15C4: Mn15C4 (not considered stable)
Stoichiometry: C 0.2105, Mn 0.7895
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1120.65–1271.3 K, x(C) 0.21053–0.21053
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:c-mn:mn15c4
tdb: tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:MN15C4

TDB models of MN15C4 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

MnC-89Lee.tdb: MN15C4, type code %, sha256 1a3508033169fb38…

70: PHASE MN15C4 % 2 15 4 !
71: CONST MN15C4 : MN : C : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2 B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).
assessment that models this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}