Gd–Mn phases

9 phases (tier A 8, liquid 1); 9 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Gd–Mn system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Gd–Mn system (9)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
BCC_A2 phase:gd-mn:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1410.01–2499.94 K, x(Mn) 0–1	6	2
CBCC_A12 phase:gd-mn:cbcc-a12	alpha-Mn · A12 · cI58 · I-43m (217)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–980 K, x(Mn) 1–1	2	2
CUB_A13 phase:gd-mn:cub-a13	beta-Mn · A13 · cP20 · P4_132 (213)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 980–1405.22 K, x(Mn) 1–1	8	2
FCC_A1 phase:gd-mn:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1349.76–1415.45 K, x(Mn) 0.99847–1	6	2
GD6MN23_D8A phase:gd-mn:gd6mn23-d8a	Mn23Th6 · D8_a · cF116 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1340.09 K, x(Mn) 0.7931–0.7931	10	2
GDMN12_D2B phase:gd-mn:gdmn12-d2b	Mn12Th · D2_b · tI26 · I4/mmm (139)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1359.43 K, x(Mn) 0.92308–0.92308	10	2
GDMN2_C15 phase:gd-mn:gdmn2-c15	Cu2Mg · C15 · cF24 · Fd-3m (227)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1278.13 K, x(Mn) 0.66667–0.66667	9	2
HCP_A3 phase:gd-mn:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1534.91 K, x(Mn) 0–0.00219	7	2
LIQUID phase:gd-mn:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1092.68–2500 K, x(Mn) 0–1	33	2

BCC_A2 (Gd–Mn)

Id: phase:gd-mn:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1410.01–2499.94 K, x(Mn) 0–1
Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:gd-mn:bcc-a2
paper: paper:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y:β-Gd, paper:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y:δ-Mn
tdb: tdb:GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:GdMn-17Wan.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 fa6fb054649c9cbc…

38: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
39: CONST BCC_A2 : GD MN : VA : !

GdMn-17Wan.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 0be2e68c2ec5f73a…

38: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
39: CONST BCC_A2 : GD MN : VA : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y Jiang Wang, Shidong Lin, Maohua Rong, Guanghui Rao, Huaiying Zhou, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic re-assessment of the Mn–Gd binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 128, 1009-1018 (2017).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01364-5 J. Groebner, A. Pisch, R. Schmid-Fetzer, J. Alloys Compd., 317-318, 433-37(2001).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1179/1879139513y.0000000079 J Kim, I-H Jung, Thermodynamic modelling of Mn-Y and Mn-Gd systems for application of RE in Mg alloy development, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 52, 311-320 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1967-580307 H.R. Kirchmayr, W. Lugscheider, Z. Metallkd. 58 (1967) 185– 188.
cited as the source of values for this phase

CBCC_A12 (Gd–Mn)

Id: phase:gd-mn:cbcc-a12; status assigned
Structure: alpha-Mn · A12 · cI58 · I-43m (217); type st:a12-alpha-mn-ci58; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Mn 1.0000
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–980 K, x(Mn) 1–1
Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:gd-mn:cbcc-a12
paper: paper:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y:α-Mn
tdb: tdb:GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb:CBCC_A12, tdb:GdMn-17Wan.tdb:CBCC_A12

TDB models of CBCC_A12 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb: CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 fa6fb054649c9cbc…

48: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 !
49: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : VA : !

GdMn-17Wan.tdb: CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 0be2e68c2ec5f73a…

48: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 !
49: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : VA : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y Jiang Wang, Shidong Lin, Maohua Rong, Guanghui Rao, Huaiying Zhou, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic re-assessment of the Mn–Gd binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 128, 1009-1018 (2017).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01364-5 J. Groebner, A. Pisch, R. Schmid-Fetzer, J. Alloys Compd., 317-318, 433-37(2001).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase

CUB_A13 (Gd–Mn)

Id: phase:gd-mn:cub-a13; status assigned
Structure: beta-Mn · A13 · cP20 · P4_132 (213); type st:a13-beta-mn-cp20; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Mn 1.0000
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 980–1405.22 K, x(Mn) 1–1
Literature: 8 values (8 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:gd-mn:cub-a13
paper: paper:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y:β-Mn
tdb: tdb:GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb:CUB_A13, tdb:GdMn-17Wan.tdb:CUB_A13

TDB models of CUB_A13 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb: CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 fa6fb054649c9cbc…

53: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 !
54: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : VA : !

GdMn-17Wan.tdb: CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 0be2e68c2ec5f73a…

53: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 !
54: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : VA : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y Jiang Wang, Shidong Lin, Maohua Rong, Guanghui Rao, Huaiying Zhou, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic re-assessment of the Mn–Gd binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 128, 1009-1018 (2017).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01364-5 J. Groebner, A. Pisch, R. Schmid-Fetzer, J. Alloys Compd., 317-318, 433-37(2001).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1179/1879139513y.0000000079 J Kim, I-H Jung, Thermodynamic modelling of Mn-Y and Mn-Gd systems for application of RE in Mg alloy development, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 52, 311-320 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1967-580307 H.R. Kirchmayr, W. Lugscheider, Z. Metallkd. 58 (1967) 185– 188.
cited as the source of values for this phase

FCC_A1 (Gd–Mn)

Id: phase:gd-mn:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1349.76–1415.45 K, x(Mn) 0.99847–1
Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:gd-mn:fcc-a1
paper: paper:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y:γ-Mn
tdb: tdb:GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:GdMn-17Wan.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 fa6fb054649c9cbc…

33: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
34: CONST FCC_A1 : GD MN : VA : !

GdMn-17Wan.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 0be2e68c2ec5f73a…

33: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
34: CONST FCC_A1 : GD MN : VA : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y Jiang Wang, Shidong Lin, Maohua Rong, Guanghui Rao, Huaiying Zhou, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic re-assessment of the Mn–Gd binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 128, 1009-1018 (2017).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01364-5 J. Groebner, A. Pisch, R. Schmid-Fetzer, J. Alloys Compd., 317-318, 433-37(2001).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1179/1879139513y.0000000079 J Kim, I-H Jung, Thermodynamic modelling of Mn-Y and Mn-Gd systems for application of RE in Mg alloy development, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 52, 311-320 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1967-580307 H.R. Kirchmayr, W. Lugscheider, Z. Metallkd. 58 (1967) 185– 188.
cited as the source of values for this phase

GD6MN23_D8A (Gd–Mn)

Id: phase:gd-mn:gd6mn23-d8a; status assigned
Structure: Mn23Th6 · D8_a · cF116 · Fm-3m (225); type st:d8-a-mn23th6-cf116; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Gd 0.2069, Mn 0.7931
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1340.09 K, x(Mn) 0.7931–0.7931
Literature: 10 values (10 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:gd-mn:gd6mn23-d8a
paper: paper:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y:Mn23Gd6
tdb: tdb:GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb:GD6MN23_D8A, tdb:GdMn-17Wan.tdb:GD6MN23_D8A

TDB models of GD6MN23_D8A (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb: GD6MN23_D8A, type code %, sha256 fa6fb054649c9cbc…

63: PHASE GD6MN23_D8A % 2 6 23 !
64: CONST GD6MN23_D8A : GD : MN : !

GdMn-17Wan.tdb: GD6MN23_D8A, type code %A, sha256 0be2e68c2ec5f73a…

63: PHASE GD6MN23_D8A %A 2 6 23 !
64: CONST GD6MN23_D8A : GD : MN : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y Jiang Wang, Shidong Lin, Maohua Rong, Guanghui Rao, Huaiying Zhou, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic re-assessment of the Mn–Gd binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 128, 1009-1018 (2017).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01364-5 J. Groebner, A. Pisch, R. Schmid-Fetzer, J. Alloys Compd., 317-318, 433-37(2001).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1179/1879139513y.0000000079 J Kim, I-H Jung, Thermodynamic modelling of Mn-Y and Mn-Gd systems for application of RE in Mg alloy development, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 52, 311-320 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1967-580307 H.R. Kirchmayr, W. Lugscheider, Z. Metallkd. 58 (1967) 185– 188.
cited as the source of values for this phase

GDMN12_D2B (Gd–Mn)

Id: phase:gd-mn:gdmn12-d2b; status assigned
Structure: Mn12Th · D2_b · tI26 · I4/mmm (139); type st:d2-b-mn12th-ti26; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Gd 0.0769, Mn 0.9231
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1359.43 K, x(Mn) 0.92308–0.92308
Literature: 10 values (10 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:gd-mn:gdmn12-d2b
paper: paper:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y:Mn12Gd
tdb: tdb:GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb:GDMN12_D2B, tdb:GdMn-17Wan.tdb:GDMN12_D2B

TDB models of GDMN12_D2B (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb: GDMN12_D2B, type code %, sha256 fa6fb054649c9cbc…

68: PHASE GDMN12_D2B % 2 1 12 !
69: CONST GDMN12_D2B : GD : MN : !

GdMn-17Wan.tdb: GDMN12_D2B, type code %, sha256 0be2e68c2ec5f73a…

68: PHASE GDMN12_D2B % 2 1 12 !
69: CONST GDMN12_D2B : GD : MN : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y Jiang Wang, Shidong Lin, Maohua Rong, Guanghui Rao, Huaiying Zhou, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic re-assessment of the Mn–Gd binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 128, 1009-1018 (2017).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01364-5 J. Groebner, A. Pisch, R. Schmid-Fetzer, J. Alloys Compd., 317-318, 433-37(2001).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1179/1879139513y.0000000079 J Kim, I-H Jung, Thermodynamic modelling of Mn-Y and Mn-Gd systems for application of RE in Mg alloy development, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 52, 311-320 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1967-580307 H.R. Kirchmayr, W. Lugscheider, Z. Metallkd. 58 (1967) 185– 188.
cited as the source of values for this phase

GDMN2_C15 (Gd–Mn)

Id: phase:gd-mn:gdmn2-c15; status assigned
Structure: Cu2Mg · C15 · cF24 · Fd-3m (227); type st:c15-cu2mg-cf24; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Gd 0.3333, Mn 0.6667
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1278.13 K, x(Mn) 0.66667–0.66667
Literature: 9 values (9 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:gd-mn:gdmn2-c15
paper: paper:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y:Mn2Gd
tdb: tdb:GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb:GDMN2_C15, tdb:GdMn-17Wan.tdb:GDMN2_C15

TDB models of GDMN2_C15 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb: GDMN2_C15, type code %, sha256 fa6fb054649c9cbc…

58: PHASE GDMN2_C15 % 2 1 2 !
59: CONST GDMN2_C15 : GD : MN : !

GdMn-17Wan.tdb: GDMN2_C15, type code %A, sha256 0be2e68c2ec5f73a…

58: PHASE GDMN2_C15 %A 2 1 2 !
59: CONST GDMN2_C15 : GD : MN : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y Jiang Wang, Shidong Lin, Maohua Rong, Guanghui Rao, Huaiying Zhou, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic re-assessment of the Mn–Gd binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 128, 1009-1018 (2017).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01364-5 J. Groebner, A. Pisch, R. Schmid-Fetzer, J. Alloys Compd., 317-318, 433-37(2001).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1967-580307 H.R. Kirchmayr, W. Lugscheider, Z. Metallkd. 58 (1967) 185– 188.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1179/1879139513y.0000000079 J Kim, I-H Jung, Thermodynamic modelling of Mn-Y and Mn-Gd systems for application of RE in Mg alloy development, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 52, 311-320 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase

HCP_A3 (Gd–Mn)

Id: phase:gd-mn:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1534.91 K, x(Mn) 0–0.00219
Literature: 7 values (7 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:gd-mn:hcp-a3
paper: paper:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y:α-Gd
tdb: tdb:GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:GdMn-17Wan.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 fa6fb054649c9cbc…

43: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
44: CONST HCP_A3 : GD MN : VA : !

GdMn-17Wan.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 0be2e68c2ec5f73a…

43: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
44: CONST HCP_A3 : GD MN : VA : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y Jiang Wang, Shidong Lin, Maohua Rong, Guanghui Rao, Huaiying Zhou, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic re-assessment of the Mn–Gd binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 128, 1009-1018 (2017).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01364-5 J. Groebner, A. Pisch, R. Schmid-Fetzer, J. Alloys Compd., 317-318, 433-37(2001).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1179/1879139513y.0000000079 J Kim, I-H Jung, Thermodynamic modelling of Mn-Y and Mn-Gd systems for application of RE in Mg alloy development, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 52, 311-320 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1967-580307 H.R. Kirchmayr, W. Lugscheider, Z. Metallkd. 58 (1967) 185– 188.
cited as the source of values for this phase

LIQUID (Gd–Mn)

Id: phase:gd-mn:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1092.68–2500 K, x(Mn) 0–1
Literature: 33 values (33 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:gd-mn:liquid
paper: paper:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y:L, paper:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y:liquid
tdb: tdb:GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:GdMn-17Wan.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GdMn-01Gro-LB.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 fa6fb054649c9cbc…

28: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
29: CONST LIQUID:L : GD MN : !

GdMn-17Wan.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 0be2e68c2ec5f73a…

28: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
29: CONST LIQUID:L : GD MN : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-6000-y Jiang Wang, Shidong Lin, Maohua Rong, Guanghui Rao, Huaiying Zhou, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic re-assessment of the Mn–Gd binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 128, 1009-1018 (2017).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01364-5 J. Groebner, A. Pisch, R. Schmid-Fetzer, J. Alloys Compd., 317-318, 433-37(2001).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1179/1879139513y.0000000079 J Kim, I-H Jung, Thermodynamic modelling of Mn-Y and Mn-Gd systems for application of RE in Mg alloy development, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 52, 311-320 (2013).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1967-580307 H.R. Kirchmayr, W. Lugscheider, Z. Metallkd. 58 (1967) 185– 188.
cited as the source of values for this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}