Ge–Li phases

16 phases (tier A 5, tier C 9, liquid 1, needs_review 1); 14 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Ge–Li system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Ge–Li system (16)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
DIAMOND_A4 phase:ge-li:a4-diamond	C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(Li) 0–0	13	2
BCC_A2 phase:ge-li:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–2499.75 K, x(Li) 1–1	11	2
FCC_A1 phase:ge-li:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)	0	2
GE12LI7 phase:ge-li:ge12li7	Na7Sn12 · mP78 · P2/c (13)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–784.69 K, x(Li) 0.36842–0.36842	48	2
GE2LI7 phase:ge-li:ge2li7	Ge2Li7 · oC36 · Cmmm (65)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1046.75 K, x(Li) 0.77778–0.77778	29	1
GE3LI7 phase:ge-li:ge3li7	Li5Sn2 · hR7 · R-3m (166)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1051.76 K, x(Li) 0.7–0.7	34	1
GE4LI13 phase:ge-li:ge4li13	Ge2Li7 · oC36 · Cmmm (65)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1057.24 K, x(Li) 0.76471–0.76471	10	1
GE4LI15_D86 phase:ge-li:ge4li15-d86	Cu15Si4 · D8_6 · cI76 · I-43d (220)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–990.13 K, x(Li) 0.78947–0.78947	24	2
GE4LI17 phase:ge-li:ge4li17	Ge4Li17 · cF436 · F-43m (216)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–795.07 K, x(Li) 0.80952–0.80952	36	2
GE4LI9 phase:ge-li:ge4li9	Ge4Li9 · oC52 · Cmcm (63)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1018.15 K, x(Li) 0.69231–0.69231	30	2
GE6LI14 phase:ge-li:ge6li14	Li5Sn2 · hR7 · R-3m (166)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1020.04 K, x(Li) 0.7–0.7	10	1
GE7LI12 phase:ge-li:ge7li12	Li12Si7 · oP152 · Pnma (62)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–808.16 K, x(Li) 0.63158–0.63158	51	2
GELI phase:ge-li:geli	GeLi · tI32 · I4_1/a (88)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–812.96 K, x(Li) 0.5–0.5	45	2
GELI4 phase:ge-li:geli4		needs_review	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 670.84–900.21 K, x(Li) 0.80377–0.80392	27	2
HCP_A3 phase:ge-li:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)	0	2
LIQUID phase:ge-li:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 453.33–2500 K, x(Li) 0–1	154	2

DIAMOND_A4 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:a4-diamond; status assigned
Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type st:a4-c-diamond-cf8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Ge 1.0000
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(Li) 0–0
Literature: 13 values (9 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:a4-diamond, corpus:phase:ge-li:diamond-a4
paper: paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:(Ge), paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Diamond_A4
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:DIAMOND_A4

TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

46: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
47: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE : !

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

52: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
53: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020 Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.1652421 M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase

BCC_A2 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–2499.75 K, x(Li) 1–1
Literature: 11 values (9 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:bcc-a2
paper: paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:(Li), paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:BCC_A2
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

36: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
37: CONST BCC_A2 : GE LI : VA : !

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

42: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
43: CONST BCC_A2 : GE LI : VA : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020 Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.1652421 M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase

FCC_A1 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

31: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
32: CONST FCC_A1 : GE LI : VA : !

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

37: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
38: CONST FCC_A1 : GE LI : VA : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

GE12LI7 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:ge12li7; status assigned
Structure: Na7Sn12 · mP78 · P2/c (13); type st:na7sn12-mp78; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.6316, Li 0.3684
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–784.69 K, x(Li) 0.36842–0.36842
Literature: 48 values (46 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:ge12li7
paper: paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li7Ge12, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge12Li7
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE12LI7, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE12LI7

TDB models of GE12LI7 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: GE12LI7, type code %, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

51: PHASE GE12LI7 % 2 12 7 !
52: CONST GE12LI7 : GE : LI : !

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: GE12LI7, type code %, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

57: PHASE GE12LI7 % 2 12 7 !
58: CONST GE12LI7 : GE : LI : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020 Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.1652421 M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase

GE2LI7 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:ge2li7; status assigned
Structure: Ge2Li7 · oC36 · Cmmm (65); type st:ge2li7-oc36; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.2222, Li 0.7778
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1046.75 K, x(Li) 0.77778–0.77778
Literature: 29 values (29 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:ge2li7
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge2Li7
tdb: tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE2LI7

TDB models of GE2LI7 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: GE2LI7, type code %, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

82: PHASE GE2LI7 % 2 2 7 !
83: CONST GE2LI7 : GE : LI : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase

GE3LI7 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:ge3li7; status assigned
Structure: Li5Sn2 · hR7 · R-3m (166); type st:li5sn2-hr7; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_structure_token, polymorph_family:other phases of this system have the same composition); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.3000, Li 0.7000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1051.76 K, x(Li) 0.7–0.7
Literature: 34 values (34 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:ge3li7
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge3Li7
tdb: tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE3LI7

TDB models of GE3LI7 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: GE3LI7, type code %, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

77: PHASE GE3LI7 % 2 3 7 !
78: CONST GE3LI7 : GE : LI : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-3697(57)90050-1 E.M. Pell, Solubility of Lithium in germanium, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 3, 74-76 (1957).
cited as the source of values for this phase

GE4LI13 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:ge4li13; status assigned
Structure: Ge2Li7 · oC36 · Cmmm (65); type st:ge2li7-oc36; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.2353, Li 0.7647
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1057.24 K, x(Li) 0.76471–0.76471
Literature: 10 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:ge4li13
paper: paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li13Ge4
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE4LI13

TDB models of GE4LI13 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: GE4LI13, type code %, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

76: PHASE GE4LI13 % 2 4 13 !
77: CONST GE4LI13 : GE : LI : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020 Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.1652421 M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase

GE4LI15_D86 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:ge4li15-d86; status assigned
Structure: Cu15Si4 · D8_6 · cI76 · I-43d (220); type st:d8-6-cu15si4-ci76; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaaaacqj and oqmd-8013, space group 220
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.2105, Li 0.7895
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–990.13 K, x(Li) 0.78947–0.78947
Literature: 24 values (18 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:ge4li15-d86
mp: mp:mp-aaaaacqj
oqmd: oqmd:oqmd-8013
paper: paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li15Ge4, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge4Li15
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE4LI15_D86, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE4LI15_D86

TDB models of GE4LI15_D86 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: GE4LI15_D86, type code %, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

81: PHASE GE4LI15_D86 % 2 4 15 !
82: CONST GE4LI15_D86 : GE : LI : !

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: GE4LI15_D86, type code %, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

87: PHASE GE4LI15_D86 % 2 4 15 !
88: CONST GE4LI15_D86 : GE : LI : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020 Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.1652421 M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1039/c4dt00743c Michael Zeilinger, Thomas F. Fässler, Structural and thermodynamic similarities of phases in the Li–Tt (Tt = Si, Ge) systems: redetermination of the lithium-rich side of the Li–Ge phase diagram and crystal structures of Li 17 Si 4.0−x Ge x for x = 2.3, 3.1, 3.5, and 4 as well as Li 4.1 Ge, Dalton Trans. 43, 14959-14970 (2014).
cited as the source of values for this phase

GE4LI17 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:ge4li17; status assigned
Structure: Ge4Li17 · cF436 · F-43m (216); type st:ge4li17-cf436; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_mp, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.1905, Li 0.8095
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–795.07 K, x(Li) 0.80952–0.80952
Literature: 36 values (30 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:ge4li17
paper: paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li17Ge4, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge4Li17
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE4LI17, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE4LI17

TDB models of GE4LI17 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: GE4LI17, type code %, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

92: PHASE GE4LI17 % 2 4 17 !
93: CONST GE4LI17 : GE : LI : !

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: GE4LI17, type code %, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

98: PHASE GE4LI17 % 2 4 17 !
99: CONST GE4LI17 : GE : LI : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020 Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.1652421 M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1039/c4dt00743c Michael Zeilinger, Thomas F. Fässler, Structural and thermodynamic similarities of phases in the Li–Tt (Tt = Si, Ge) systems: redetermination of the lithium-rich side of the Li–Ge phase diagram and crystal structures of Li 17 Si 4.0−x Ge x for x = 2.3, 3.1, 3.5, and 4 as well as Li 4.1 Ge, Dalton Trans. 43, 14959-14970 (2014).
cited as the source of values for this phase

GE4LI9 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:ge4li9; status assigned
Structure: Ge4Li9 · oC52 · Cmcm (63); type st:ge4li9-oc52; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_oqmd, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.3077, Li 0.6923
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1018.15 K, x(Li) 0.69231–0.69231
Literature: 30 values (26 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:ge4li9
paper: paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li9Ge4, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge4Li9
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE4LI9, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE4LI9

TDB models of GE4LI9 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: GE4LI9, type code %, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

66: PHASE GE4LI9 % 2 4 9 !
67: CONST GE4LI9 : GE : LI : !

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: GE4LI9, type code %, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

72: PHASE GE4LI9 % 2 4 9 !
73: CONST GE4LI9 : GE : LI : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-3697(57)90050-1 E.M. Pell, Solubility of Lithium in germanium, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 3, 74-76 (1957).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020 Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.1652421 M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase

GE6LI14 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:ge6li14; status assigned
Structure: Li5Sn2 · hR7 · R-3m (166); type st:li5sn2-hr7; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_structure_token, polymorph_family:other phases of this system have the same composition); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.3000, Li 0.7000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1020.04 K, x(Li) 0.7–0.7
Literature: 10 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:ge6li14
paper: paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li14Ge6
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE6LI14

TDB models of GE6LI14 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: GE6LI14, type code %, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

71: PHASE GE6LI14 % 2 6 14 !
72: CONST GE6LI14 : GE : LI : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020 Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.1652421 M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase

GE7LI12 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:ge7li12; status assigned
Structure: Li12Si7 · oP152 · Pnma (62); type st:li12si7-op152; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.3684, Li 0.6316
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–808.16 K, x(Li) 0.63158–0.63158
Literature: 51 values (47 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:ge7li12
paper: paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li12Ge7, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge7Li12
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE7LI12, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE7LI12

TDB models of GE7LI12 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: GE7LI12, type code %, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

61: PHASE GE7LI12 % 2 7 12 !
62: CONST GE7LI12 : GE : LI : !

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: GE7LI12, type code %, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

67: PHASE GE7LI12 % 2 7 12 !
68: CONST GE7LI12 : GE : LI : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020 Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.1652421 M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-3697(57)90050-1 E.M. Pell, Solubility of Lithium in germanium, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 3, 74-76 (1957).
cited as the source of values for this phase

GELI (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:geli; status assigned
Structure: GeLi · tI32 · I4_1/a (88); type st:geli-ti32; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (dft_space_group_88_matches_2_structure_types, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.5000, Li 0.5000
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–812.96 K, x(Li) 0.5–0.5
Literature: 45 values (38 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:geli
paper: paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:LiGe, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:GeLi
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GELI, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GELI

TDB models of GELI (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: GELI, type code %, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

56: PHASE GELI % 2 1 1 !
57: CONST GELI : GE : LI : !

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: GELI, type code %, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

62: PHASE GELI % 2 1 1 !
63: CONST GELI : GE : LI : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020 Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.1652421 M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase

GELI4 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:geli4; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_blocked_by:models_disagree_on_composition; models_disagree_on_composition; no_structure_token
Candidate (literature_printed): Li4Si · oC96 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Li4Si · oC96 · Cmcm (63) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GELI4: GeLi4
Candidate (tdb_comment): Li4Si · oC96 · Cmcm — GeLi-18Wan.tdb: 'Prototype Li4Si (oC96, Cmcm)'
Candidate (tdb_comment): Li4Si · oC96 · Cmcm — GeLi-22Gie.tdb: 'Prototype Li4Si (oC96, Cmcm)'
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 670.84–900.21 K, x(Li) 0.80377–0.80392
Literature: 27 values (21 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:geli4
paper: paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li4.1Ge, paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li4Ge, paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li4Ge(rt), paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:GeLi4.096
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GELI4, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GELI4

TDB models of GELI4 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: GELI4, type code %, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

86: PHASE GELI4 % 2 1 4.1 !
87: CONST GELI4 : GE : LI : !

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: GELI4, type code %, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

92: PHASE GELI4 % 2 1 4.096 !
93: CONST GELI4 : GE : LI : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1039/c4dt00743c Michael Zeilinger, Thomas F. Fässler, Structural and thermodynamic similarities of phases in the Li–Tt (Tt = Si, Ge) systems: redetermination of the lithium-rich side of the Li–Ge phase diagram and crystal structures of Li 17 Si 4.0−x Ge x for x = 2.3, 3.1, 3.5, and 4 as well as Li 4.1 Ge, Dalton Trans. 43, 14959-14970 (2014).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020 Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.1652421 M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase

HCP_A3 (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:hcp-a3
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

41: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
42: CONST HCP_A3 : GE LI : VA : !

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

47: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
48: CONST HCP_A3 : GE LI : VA : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (Ge–Li)

Id: phase:ge-li:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 453.33–2500 K, x(Li) 0–1
Literature: 154 values (135 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-li:liquid
paper: paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:L, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:L, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:liquid
tdb: tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeLi-18Wan.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 5eb8811b38c848da…

26: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
27: CONST LIQUID:L : GE LI : !

GeLi-22Gie.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 ce9879aaebef3c3c…

32: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
33: CONST LIQUID:L : GE LI : !

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883 W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5 Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020 Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.1652421 M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1039/c4dt00743c Michael Zeilinger, Thomas F. Fässler, Structural and thermodynamic similarities of phases in the Li–Tt (Tt = Si, Ge) systems: redetermination of the lithium-rich side of the Li–Ge phase diagram and crystal structures of Li 17 Si 4.0−x Ge x for x = 2.3, 3.1, 3.5, and 4 as well as Li 4.1 Ge, Dalton Trans. 43, 14959-14970 (2014).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-3697(57)90050-1 E.M. Pell, Solubility of Lithium in germanium, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 3, 74-76 (1957).
cited as the source of values for this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}