Li–Sn phases

15 phases (tier A 5, tier C 7, liquid 1, needs_review 2); 13 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Li–Sn system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Li–Sn system (15)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
DIAMOND_A4 phase:li-sn:a4-diamond	C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s)	0	3
BCT_A5 phase:li-sn:a5-bct	beta-Sn · A5 · tI4 · I4_1/amd (141)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–505.08 K, x(Sn) 1–1	7	3
BCC_A2 phase:li-sn:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–2500 K, x(Sn) 0–0.4496	11	3
FCC_A1 phase:li-sn:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 1091.34–2500 K, x(Sn) 0.39257–0.58597	0	3
HCP_A3 phase:li-sn:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s)	0	3
LI13SN5 phase:li-sn:li13sn5	Li13Sn5 · hP18 · P-3m1 (164)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–994.84 K, x(Sn) 0.27778–0.27778	27	3
LI17SN4 phase:li-sn:li17sn4		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1030.98 K, x(Sn) 0.19048–0.19048	26	1
LI22SN5 phase:li-sn:li22sn5	Li17Pb4 · cF420 · F-43m (216)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1035.76 K, x(Sn) 0.18519–0.18519	14	2
LI2SN5 phase:li-sn:li2sn5	Hg5Mn2 · tP14 · P4/mbm (127)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–593.45 K, x(Sn) 0.71429–0.71429	21	3
LI5SN2 phase:li-sn:li5sn2	Li5Sn2 · hR7 · R-3m (166)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–971.51 K, x(Sn) 0.28571–0.28571	26	3
LI7SN2 phase:li-sn:li7sn2	Ge2Li7 · oC36 · Cmmm (65)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1056.06 K, x(Sn) 0.22222–0.25242	34	3
LI7SN3 phase:li-sn:li7sn3	Li7Sn3 · mP20 · P2_1/m (11)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–787.31 K, x(Sn) 0.3–0.3	29	3
LI8SN3 phase:li-sn:li8sn3		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–989.19 K, x(Sn) 0.27273–0.27273	0	1
LIQUID phase:li-sn:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 451.52–2500 K, x(Sn) 0–1	109	3
LISN phase:li-sn:lisn	LiSn · mP6 · P2/m (10)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–761.43 K, x(Sn) 0.48539–0.5	43	3

DIAMOND_A4 (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:a4-diamond; status assigned
Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type st:a4-c-diamond-cf8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Sn 1.0000
Stability: not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:a4-diamond
tdb: tdb:LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:LiSn-14Li.tdb:DIAMOND_A4

TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 71144325a80cb495…

40: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
41: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !

LiSn-06Du.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

42: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
43: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !

LiSn-14Li.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 d9e6b25b55ac0666…

47: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
48: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002 D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047 Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase

BCT_A5 (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:a5-bct; status assigned
Structure: beta-Sn · A5 · tI4 · I4_1/amd (141); type st:a5-beta-sn-ti4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Sn 1.0000
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–505.08 K, x(Sn) 1–1
Literature: 7 values (7 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:a5-bct, corpus:phase:li-sn:bct-a5
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002:(βSn), paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047:(βSn)
tdb: tdb:LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:LiSn-14Li.tdb:BCT_A5

TDB models of BCT_A5 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb: BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 71144325a80cb495…

45: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
46: CONST BCT_A5 : SN : !

LiSn-06Du.tdb: BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

47: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
48: CONST BCT_A5 : SN : !

LiSn-14Li.tdb: BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 d9e6b25b55ac0666…

52: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
53: CONST BCT_A5 : SN : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002 D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047 Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6 J. Sangster, C.W. Bale, The Li–Sn (lithium–tin) system, J. Phase Equilib. 19 (1998) 70–75.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1002/zaac.19100670114 G. Masing, G. Tammann, Metallographische Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen. LXXV. Über das Verhalten von Lithium zu Natrium, Kalium, Zinn, Cadmium und Magnesium, Z. Anorg. Chem. 67, 183-199 (1910).
cited as the source of values for this phase

BCC_A2 (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–2500 K, x(Sn) 0–0.4496
Literature: 11 values (11 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:bcc-a2
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002:(βLi), paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047:(βLi)
tdb: tdb:LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:LiSn-14Li.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 71144325a80cb495…

30: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
31: CONST BCC_A2 : LI% SN : VA : !

LiSn-06Du.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

32: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
33: CONST BCC_A2 : LI% SN : VA : !

LiSn-14Li.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 d9e6b25b55ac0666…

37: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
38: CONST BCC_A2 : LI% SN : VA : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002 D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047 Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6 J. Sangster, C.W. Bale, The Li–Sn (lithium–tin) system, J. Phase Equilib. 19 (1998) 70–75.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1002/zaac.19100670114 G. Masing, G. Tammann, Metallographische Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen. LXXV. Über das Verhalten von Lithium zu Natrium, Kalium, Zinn, Cadmium und Magnesium, Z. Anorg. Chem. 67, 183-199 (1910).
cited as the source of values for this phase

FCC_A1 (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 1 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 1091.34–2500 K, x(Sn) 0.39257–0.58597
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:LiSn-14Li.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %, sha256 71144325a80cb495…

25: PHASE FCC_A1 % 2 1 1 !
26: CONST FCC_A1 : LI SN : VA : !

LiSn-06Du.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

27: PHASE FCC_A1 % 2 1 1 !
28: CONST FCC_A1 : LI SN : VA : !

LiSn-14Li.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %, sha256 d9e6b25b55ac0666…

32: PHASE FCC_A1 % 2 1 1 !
33: CONST FCC_A1 : LI SN : VA : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002 D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047 Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase

HCP_A3 (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:hcp-a3
tdb: tdb:LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:LiSn-14Li.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %, sha256 71144325a80cb495…

35: PHASE HCP_A3 % 2 1 0.5 !
36: CONST HCP_A3 : LI SN : VA: !

LiSn-06Du.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

37: PHASE HCP_A3 % 2 1 0.5 !
38: CONST HCP_A3 : LI SN : VA: !

LiSn-14Li.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %, sha256 d9e6b25b55ac0666…

42: PHASE HCP_A3 % 2 1 0.5 !
43: CONST HCP_A3 : LI SN : VA: !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002 D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047 Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase

LI13SN5 (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:li13sn5; status assigned
Structure: Li13Sn5 · hP18 · P-3m1 (164); type st:li13sn5-hp18; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_mp, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Li 0.7222, Sn 0.2778
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–994.84 K, x(Sn) 0.27778–0.27778
Literature: 27 values (27 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:li13sn5
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002:Li13Sn5, paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047:Li13Sn5
tdb: tdb:LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb:LI13SN5, tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:LI13SN5, tdb:LiSn-14Li.tdb:LI13SN5

TDB models of LI13SN5 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb: LI13SN5, type code %, sha256 71144325a80cb495…

60: PHASE LI13SN5 % 2 13 5 !
61: CONST LI13SN5 : LI : SN : !

LiSn-06Du.tdb: LI13SN5, type code %, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

67: PHASE LI13SN5 % 2 13 5 !
68: CONST LI13SN5 : LI : SN : !

LiSn-14Li.tdb: LI13SN5, type code %, sha256 d9e6b25b55ac0666…

67: PHASE LI13SN5 % 2 13 5 !
68: CONST LI13SN5 : LI : SN : !

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002 D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047 Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/znb-1975-1-203 Ursula Frank, Wiking Müller, Herbert Schäfer, Die Kristallstruktur der Phase Li7Sn2 / The Crystal Structure of Li7Sn2, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 30, 6-9 (1975).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6 J. Sangster, C.W. Bale, The Li–Sn (lithium–tin) system, J. Phase Equilib. 19 (1998) 70–75.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.2127590 C. John Wen, R. A. Huggins, Thermodynamic Study of the Lithium‐Tin System, J. Electrochem. Soc. 128, 1181-1187 (1981).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(79)90174-7 D.M. Bailey, W.H. Skelton, J.F. Smith, Lithium-tin phase relationships between Li7Sn2 and LiSn, Journal of the Less Common Metals 64, 233-239 (1979).
cited as the source of values for this phase

LI17SN4 (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:li17sn4; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: dft_space_group_216_matches_2_structure_types; no_structure_token
Candidate (dft_mp): F-43m (216) — on-hull MP Li17Sn4 at x(SN)=0.1905
Candidate (dft_oqmd): F-43m (216) — on-hull OQMD Li17 Sn4 at x(SN)=0.1905
Candidate (dft_space_group_and_stoichiometry): Li17Pb4 · cF420 · F-43m (216) — space group 216 and stoichiometry match
Candidate (dft_space_group_and_stoichiometry): Li17Si4 · cF420 · F-43m (216) — space group 216 and stoichiometry match
Candidate (tdb_comment): Li17Pb4 · cF420 · F-43m — LiSn-14Li.tdb: 'Prototype Li17Pb4 (cF420, F-43m)'
Stoichiometry: Li 0.8095, Sn 0.1905
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1030.98 K, x(Sn) 0.19048–0.19048
Literature: 26 values (26 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:li17sn4
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002:Li17Sn4
tdb: tdb:LiSn-14Li.tdb:LI17SN4

TDB models of LI17SN4 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-14Li.tdb: LI17SN4, type code %, sha256 d9e6b25b55ac0666…

57: PHASE LI17SN4 % 2 17 4 !
58: CONST LI17SN4 : LI : SN : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002 D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6 J. Sangster, C.W. Bale, The Li–Sn (lithium–tin) system, J. Phase Equilib. 19 (1998) 70–75.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1021/ic026235o Corina Lupu, Jiang-Gao Mao, J. Wayne Rabalais, Arnold M. Guloy, James W. Richardson, X-ray and Neutron Diffraction Studies on “Li4.4Sn”, Inorg. Chem. 42, 3765-3771 (2003).
cited as the source of values for this phase

LI22SN5 (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:li22sn5; status assigned
Structure: Li17Pb4 · cF420 · F-43m (216); type st:li17pb4-cf420; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Li 0.8148, Sn 0.1852
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1035.76 K, x(Sn) 0.18519–0.18519
Literature: 14 values (14 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:li22sn5
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047:Li22Sn5
tdb: tdb:LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb:LI22SN5, tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:LI22SN5

TDB models of LI22SN5 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb: LI22SN5, type code %, sha256 71144325a80cb495…

50: PHASE LI22SN5 % 2 22 5 !
51: CONST LI22SN5 : LI : SN : !

LiSn-06Du.tdb: LI22SN5, type code %, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

52: PHASE LI22SN5 % 2 22 5 !
53: CONST LI22SN5 : LI : SN : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047 Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1149/1.2127590 C. John Wen, R. A. Huggins, Thermodynamic Study of the Lithium‐Tin System, J. Electrochem. Soc. 128, 1181-1187 (1981).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1002/zaac.19100670114 G. Masing, G. Tammann, Metallographische Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen. LXXV. Über das Verhalten von Lithium zu Natrium, Kalium, Zinn, Cadmium und Magnesium, Z. Anorg. Chem. 67, 183-199 (1910).
cited as the source of values for this phase

LI2SN5 (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:li2sn5; status assigned
Structure: Hg5Mn2 · tP14 · P4/mbm (127); type st:hg5mn2-tp14; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_mp, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Li 0.2857, Sn 0.7143
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–593.45 K, x(Sn) 0.71429–0.71429
Literature: 21 values (21 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:li2sn5
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002:Li2Sn5, paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047:Li2Sn5
tdb: tdb:LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb:LI2SN5, tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:LI2SN5, tdb:LiSn-14Li.tdb:LI2SN5

TDB models of LI2SN5 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb: LI2SN5, type code %, sha256 71144325a80cb495…

81: PHASE LI2SN5 % 2 2 5 !
82: CONST LI2SN5 : LI : SN : !

LiSn-06Du.tdb: LI2SN5, type code %, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

88: PHASE LI2SN5 % 2 2 5 !
89: CONST LI2SN5 : LI : SN : !

LiSn-14Li.tdb: LI2SN5, type code %, sha256 d9e6b25b55ac0666…

88: PHASE LI2SN5 % 2 2 5 !
89: CONST LI2SN5 : LI : SN : !

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002 D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047 Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1107/s0567740869005760 D. A. Hansen, L. J. Chang, Crystal structure of Li2Sn5, Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci 25, 2392-2395 (1969).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1002/zaac.19100670114 G. Masing, G. Tammann, Metallographische Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen. LXXV. Über das Verhalten von Lithium zu Natrium, Kalium, Zinn, Cadmium und Magnesium, Z. Anorg. Chem. 67, 183-199 (1910).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6 J. Sangster, C.W. Bale, The Li–Sn (lithium–tin) system, J. Phase Equilib. 19 (1998) 70–75.
cited as the source of values for this phase

LI5SN2 (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:li5sn2; status assigned
Structure: Li5Sn2 · hR7 · R-3m (166); type st:li5sn2-hr7; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_oqmd, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Li 0.7143, Sn 0.2857
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–971.51 K, x(Sn) 0.28571–0.28571
Literature: 26 values (26 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:li5sn2
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002:Li5Sn2, paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047:Li5Sn2
tdb: tdb:LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb:LI5SN2, tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:LI5SN2, tdb:LiSn-14Li.tdb:LI5SN2

TDB models of LI5SN2 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb: LI5SN2, type code %, sha256 71144325a80cb495…

66: PHASE LI5SN2 % 2 5 2 !
67: CONST LI5SN2 : LI : SN : !

LiSn-06Du.tdb: LI5SN2, type code %, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

73: PHASE LI5SN2 % 2 5 2 !
74: CONST LI5SN2 : LI : SN : !

LiSn-14Li.tdb: LI5SN2, type code %, sha256 d9e6b25b55ac0666…

73: PHASE LI5SN2 % 2 5 2 !
74: CONST LI5SN2 : LI : SN : !

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002 D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047 Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/znb-1975-1-203 Ursula Frank, Wiking Müller, Herbert Schäfer, Die Kristallstruktur der Phase Li7Sn2 / The Crystal Structure of Li7Sn2, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 30, 6-9 (1975).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6 J. Sangster, C.W. Bale, The Li–Sn (lithium–tin) system, J. Phase Equilib. 19 (1998) 70–75.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(79)90174-7 D.M. Bailey, W.H. Skelton, J.F. Smith, Lithium-tin phase relationships between Li7Sn2 and LiSn, Journal of the Less Common Metals 64, 233-239 (1979).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.2127590 C. John Wen, R. A. Huggins, Thermodynamic Study of the Lithium‐Tin System, J. Electrochem. Soc. 128, 1181-1187 (1981).
cited as the source of values for this phase

LI7SN2 (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:li7sn2; status assigned
Structure: Ge2Li7 · oC36 · Cmmm (65); type st:ge2li7-oc36; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_structure_token, off_stoichiometric_model); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1056.06 K, x(Sn) 0.22222–0.25242
Literature: 34 values (34 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:li7sn2
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002:Li7Sn2, paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047:Li7Sn2
tdb: tdb:LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb:LI7SN2, tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:LI7SN2, tdb:LiSn-14Li.tdb:LI7SN2

TDB models of LI7SN2 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb: LI7SN2, type code %, sha256 71144325a80cb495…

55: PHASE LI7SN2 % 2 7 2 !
56: CONST LI7SN2 : LI : SN : !

LiSn-06Du.tdb: LI7SN2, type code %, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

57: PHASE LI7SN2 % 2 7 2 !
58: CONST LI7SN2 : LI% SN : SN : !

LiSn-14Li.tdb: LI7SN2, type code %, sha256 d9e6b25b55ac0666…

62: PHASE LI7SN2 % 2 7 2 !
63: CONST LI7SN2 : LI% SN : SN : !

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002 D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047 Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/znb-1975-1-203 Ursula Frank, Wiking Müller, Herbert Schäfer, Die Kristallstruktur der Phase Li7Sn2 / The Crystal Structure of Li7Sn2, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 30, 6-9 (1975).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6 J. Sangster, C.W. Bale, The Li–Sn (lithium–tin) system, J. Phase Equilib. 19 (1998) 70–75.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.2127590 C. John Wen, R. A. Huggins, Thermodynamic Study of the Lithium‐Tin System, J. Electrochem. Soc. 128, 1181-1187 (1981).
cited as the source of values for this phase

LI7SN3 (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:li7sn3; status assigned
Structure: Li7Sn3 · mP20 · P2_1/m (11); type st:li7sn3-mp20; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Li 0.7000, Sn 0.3000
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–787.31 K, x(Sn) 0.3–0.3
Literature: 29 values (29 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:li7sn3
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002:Li7Sn3, paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047:Li7Sn3
tdb: tdb:LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb:LI7SN3, tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:LI7SN3, tdb:LiSn-14Li.tdb:LI7SN3

TDB models of LI7SN3 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb: LI7SN3, type code %, sha256 71144325a80cb495…

71: PHASE LI7SN3 % 2 7 3 !
72: CONST LI7SN3 : LI : SN : !

LiSn-06Du.tdb: LI7SN3, type code %, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

78: PHASE LI7SN3 % 2 7 3 !
79: CONST LI7SN3 : LI : SN : !

LiSn-14Li.tdb: LI7SN3, type code %, sha256 d9e6b25b55ac0666…

78: PHASE LI7SN3 % 2 7 3 !
79: CONST LI7SN3 : LI : SN : !

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002 D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047 Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/znb-1974-5-602 Wiking Müller, Darstellung und Struktur der Phase Li7Sn3 / Preparation und Crystal Structure of Li7Sn3, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 29, 304-311 (1974).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.2127590 C. John Wen, R. A. Huggins, Thermodynamic Study of the Lithium‐Tin System, J. Electrochem. Soc. 128, 1181-1187 (1981).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6 J. Sangster, C.W. Bale, The Li–Sn (lithium–tin) system, J. Phase Equilib. 19 (1998) 70–75.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(79)90174-7 D.M. Bailey, W.H. Skelton, J.F. Smith, Lithium-tin phase relationships between Li7Sn2 and LiSn, Journal of the Less Common Metals 64, 233-239 (1979).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1002/zaac.19100670114 G. Masing, G. Tammann, Metallographische Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen. LXXV. Über das Verhalten von Lithium zu Natrium, Kalium, Zinn, Cadmium und Magnesium, Z. Anorg. Chem. 67, 183-199 (1910).
cited as the source of values for this phase

LI8SN3 (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:li8sn3; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_mp; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
Candidate (dft_oqmd): C2/m (12) — on-hull OQMD Li8 Sn3 at x(SN)=0.2727
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Li8Sn3) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for LI8SN3: Li8Sn3
Stoichiometry: Li 0.7273, Sn 0.2727
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–989.19 K, x(Sn) 0.27273–0.27273
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:li8sn3
tdb: tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:LI8SN3

TDB models of LI8SN3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-06Du.tdb: LI8SN3, type code %, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

62: PHASE LI8SN3 % 2 8 3 !
63: CONST LI8SN3 : LI : SN : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 451.52–2500 K, x(Sn) 0–1
Literature: 109 values (109 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:liquid
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002:L, paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002:liquid, paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047:L
tdb: tdb:LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:LiSn-14Li.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 71144325a80cb495…

20: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
21: CONST LIQUID:L : LI SN : !

LiSn-06Du.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

22: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
23: CONST LIQUID:L : LI SN : !

LiSn-14Li.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 d9e6b25b55ac0666…

27: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
28: CONST LIQUID:L : LI LI4SN SN : !

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002 D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047 Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6 J. Sangster, C.W. Bale, The Li–Sn (lithium–tin) system, J. Phase Equilib. 19 (1998) 70–75.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1002/zaac.19100670114 G. Masing, G. Tammann, Metallographische Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen. LXXV. Über das Verhalten von Lithium zu Natrium, Kalium, Zinn, Cadmium und Magnesium, Z. Anorg. Chem. 67, 183-199 (1910).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(79)90174-7 D.M. Bailey, W.H. Skelton, J.F. Smith, Lithium-tin phase relationships between Li7Sn2 and LiSn, Journal of the Less Common Metals 64, 233-239 (1979).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1149/1.2127590 C. John Wen, R. A. Huggins, Thermodynamic Study of the Lithium‐Tin System, J. Electrochem. Soc. 128, 1181-1187 (1981).
cited as the source of values for this phase

LISN (Li–Sn)

Id: phase:li-sn:lisn; status assigned
Structure: LiSn · mP6 · P2/m (10); type st:lisn-mp6; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_structure_token, off_stoichiometric_model); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–761.43 K, x(Sn) 0.48539–0.5
Literature: 43 values (43 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:li-sn:lisn
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002:LiSn, paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047:LiSn
tdb: tdb:LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb:LISN, tdb:LiSn-06Du.tdb:LISN, tdb:LiSn-14Li.tdb:LISN

TDB models of LISN (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

LiSn-05Yin-LB.tdb: LISN, type code %, sha256 71144325a80cb495…

76: PHASE LISN % 2 1 1 !
77: CONST LISN : LI : SN : !

LiSn-06Du.tdb: LISN, type code %, sha256 917e7098d5e1cf01…

83: PHASE LISN % 2 1 1 !
84: CONST LISN : LI : LI SN% : !

LiSn-14Li.tdb: LISN, type code %, sha256 d9e6b25b55ac0666…

83: PHASE LISN % 2 1 1 !
84: CONST LISN : LI : SN : !

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.09.002 D. Li, S. Fürtauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation of the Li–Sn system, Calphad 47, 181-195 (2014).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.047 Fucheng Yin, Xuping Su, Zhi Li, Jianhua Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the Li–Sn (Lithium–Tin) system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, 105-108 (2005).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-2006-0002 Z. Du, Z. Jiang, C. Guo, Z. Metallkd., 97, 10-16(2006).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1149/1.2127590 C. John Wen, R. A. Huggins, Thermodynamic Study of the Lithium‐Tin System, J. Electrochem. Soc. 128, 1181-1187 (1981).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/s12385-006-5008-6 J. Sangster, C.W. Bale, The Li–Sn (lithium–tin) system, J. Phase Equilib. 19 (1998) 70–75.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1002/zaac.19100670114 G. Masing, G. Tammann, Metallographische Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen. LXXV. Über das Verhalten von Lithium zu Natrium, Kalium, Zinn, Cadmium und Magnesium, Z. Anorg. Chem. 67, 183-199 (1910).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(79)90174-7 D.M. Bailey, W.H. Skelton, J.F. Smith, Lithium-tin phase relationships between Li7Sn2 and LiSn, Journal of the Less Common Metals 64, 233-239 (1979).
cited as the source of values for this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}